Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with transition metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a transition metal oxide precursor, preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to equilibrate the coating, and then oxidizing the precursor to form a substrate containing transition metal oxide. Also disclosed are substrates coated with transition metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications.

Abstract: A battery element comprising an organic resilient porous substrate having sulfuric acid contained in the pores of the porous substrate. The porous substrate is useful in the active material of lead acid batteries.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one of copper or zinc metal from an ore containing metal sulfide material is disclosed. The process involves the use of promoting amounts of certain plant derived ortho-quinone and/or catechol iron complexes containing components, particularly, certain lignin and/or tannin derived components containing ortho-quinone functionality.Preferred compositions comprise at least one ligno-sulfonate component containing ortho-quinone and/or catechol functionality. In the process, the use of at least one additional oxidant capable of maintaining the ortho-quinone and/or catechol iron complex containing functionality in the desired oxidation state provides for integrated process synergy.

Abstract: A battery element comprising a porous substrate optionally having a coating of electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof. The porous substrate is useful in the positive active material of lead acid batteries.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with tin oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a tin oxide precursor; preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to distribute and equilibrate the coating; oxidizing the precursor containing material to form a substrate containing tin oxide and contacting the substrate with at least one catalyst material at conditions effective to form a catalyst material containing coating on at least a portion of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with tin oxide-containing coatings for use in various catalyst applications.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir comprising:contacting the reservoir with at least one plant derived aromatic containing component having ortho-quinone functionality in an amount effective to promote the chemical modification of at least one component of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir and optimally at least one additional oxidant in an amount effective to do at least one of the following: maintain at least partially the promoting activity of the plant derived aromatic component; produce at least a portion of plant derived aromatic component; and oxidize at least a portion of a component of the hydrocarbons, the contacting occurring at conditions effective to chemically modify the component of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir; andrecovering hydrocarbons from the reservoir.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with zinc oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a zinc oxide precursor, preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to equilibrate the coating, and then oxidizing the precursor to form a substrate containing zinc oxide. Also disclosed are substrates coated with zinc oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications.

Abstract: An electrostatic dissipation/electromagnetic interference shielding element comprising a three dimensional substrate having shielded surfaces which are at least partially shielded by other portions of said substrate and having an electronically conductive tin oxide-containing coating on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof and said shielded surface, said coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide at least one of the following: electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic interference shielding.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one precious metal from an ore containing carbonaceous material is disclosed. The process involves the use of certain plant derived ortho-quinone containing components, in particular, certain lignin and/or tannin derived components containing ortho-quinone functionality.Preferred compositions comprise at least one ligno sulfonate component containing ortho-quinone functionality. In the process, the use of at least one additional oxidant capable of maintaining the ortho-quinone containing functionality in the desired oxidation state provides for integrated process synergy.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with iron oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with an iron oxide precursor, preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to equilibrate the coating, and then oxidizing the precursor to form a substrate containing iron oxide. Also disclosed are substrates coated with iron oxide-containing coatings for use in various magnetic applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with copper oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a copper oxide precursor, preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to equilibrate the coating, and then oxidizing the precursor to form a substrate containing copper oxide. Also disclosed are substrates coated with copper oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one precious metal from an ore containing metal sulfide material is disclosed. The process involves the use of promoting amounts of certain plant derived ortho-quinone containing components, in particular, certain lignin and/or tannin derived components containing ortho-quinone functionality. Preferred compositions comprise at least one ligno sulfonate component containing ortho-quinone functionality. In the process, the use of at least one additional oxidant capable of maintaining the ortho-quinone containing functionality in the desired oxidation state provides for integrated process synergy.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir comprising:contacting the reservoir with at least one plant derived aromatic containing component having ortho-quinone functionality in an amount effective to promote the chemical modification of at least one component of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir and optimally at least one additional oxidant in an amount effective to do at least one of the following: maintain at least partially the promoting activity of the plant derived aromatic component; produce at least a portion of plant derived aromatic component; and oxidize at least a portion of a component of the hydrocarbons, the contacting occurring at conditions effective to chemically modify the component of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir; andrecovering hydrocarbons from the reservoir.

Abstract: Coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three-dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three-dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and monoliths are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in battery, catalysis, heating, shielding and field dependent fluid applications.

Abstract: A heating element comprising a three dimensional substrate having coating-containing electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, the coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide heat in response to the presence of one or more electrical and/or magnetic fields.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with zinc oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a zinc oxide precursor, preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to equilibrate the coating, and then oxidizing the precursor to form a substrate containing zinc oxide. Also disclosed are substrates coated with zinc oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications.

Abstract: A heating element includes a multi-channel monolith substrate having a coating containing electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a plurality of the channels thereof, the coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide heat in response to the presence of one or more electrical and/or magnetic fields.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal containing pyritic and organic sulfur comprising: contacting the coal with less than the molar stoichiometric amount of at least one +5 vanadium component and at least one reducible manganese component at selected conditions effective to oxidize at least a portion of the sulfur in the coal; reducing the sulfur content of the oxidized sulfur-containing coal; and recovering a coal product having a reduced sulfur content.In another embodiment, the process involves the use of certain plant derived ortho-quinone containing components, in particular, certain lignin and/or tannin derived components containing ortho-quinone functionality, to oxidize at least a portion of at least one of the pyritic and organic sulfur materials in the coal.Preferred compositions comprise at least one ligno sulfonate component containing ortho-quinone functionality.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates, in particular substrates including shielded surfaces, with iron oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with an iron oxide precursor, preferably maintaining the precursor coated substrate at conditions to equilibrate the coating, and then oxidizing the precursor to form a substrate containing iron oxide. Also disclosed are substrates coated with iron oxide-containing coatings for use in various magnetic applications.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one precious metal from an ore containing carbonaceous material is disclosed. The process involves the use of promoting amounts of certain metal redox couples and/or metal components, in particular, certain metal complexes with ligands.Preferred metal compositions comprise at least one of (1) redox cyclable vanadium (5+) ligand complex, (2) redox cyclable iron (3+) ligand complex, and (3) redox cyclable manganese (3+) ligand complex. In the process, the use of at least one regenerable component capable of maintaining the complexed metal in the desired oxidation state provides for integrated process synergy.