Abstract: The invention relates to magnetic nanoparticles, their production, and their use. The object of the invention is to provide nanoparticles capable of specifically forming bonds to intracellular biomacromolecules even in the intracellular region of cells, so that separation is possible by exposure to an exterior magnetic field. This is accomplished by means of magnetic nanoparticles having biochemical activity, consisting of a magnetic core particle and an envelope layer fixed to the core particle, and including a compound of general formula M-S-L-Z (I), the linkage sites between S and L and L and Z having covalently bound functional groups, wherein M represents said magnetic core particle; S represents a biocompatible substrate fixed to M; L represents a linker group; and Z represents a group comprised of nucleic acids, peptides or proteins or derivatives thereof, which group has at least one structure capable of specifically binding to a binding domain of an intracellular biomacromolecule.

Abstract: A method and device for transmission of data units over a communication network, particularly over a network where data units are transmitted with constant bit rate. Bandwidth reservation is optimized in the communication network for more than one file transfer within a greater time period between two dedicated end systems, running automatically without needing user interaction. The bandwidth is controlled by characterizing a given transmission path with an optimal bandwidth learned from characterization results. Based on observations of a data path during transmission phase, for instance by a packet trace, the bandwidth used and level of utilization are determined and an optimal bandwidth is stored in memory and used for a next file transfer to the same end system. The advantage of the optimization procedure is high throughput, i.e., short delay, by keeping a high bandwidth utilization with regard to low overallocation. The user does not have to estimate a vague value for the bandwidth reservation.