Abstract: Described herein are architectures, platforms and methods for detecting and analyzing anomalous events (i.e., arcing events) from spectral data gathered during a wafer fabrication process.

Abstract: Described herein are architectures, platforms and methods for detecting and analyzing anomalous events (i.e., arcing events) from spectral data gathered during a wafer fabrication process.

Abstract: An improved method of etching a metal substrate is described. After a mask layer is applied to the metal substrate, an ion implantation process is performed which implants ions, such as oxygen ions, into the exposed regions of the metal substrate. This implantation creates regions of metal oxide, which may be more susceptible to etching. Afterwards, the exposed regions of metal oxide are subjected to an etching process. This process may be through vaporization or may be a wet etch process. In some embodiments, the etchant is selected so that the metal oxide binds with the etchant to form a volatile compound, which stays in the vapor or gaseous state. This may reduce the unwanted deposition of the metal to other surfaces. These ion implantation and etching processes may be repeated a plurality of times to create a recessed feature of the desired depth.

Abstract: An improved method of etching a metal substrate is described. After a mask layer is applied to the metal substrate, an ion implantation process is performed which implants ions, such as oxygen ions, into the exposed regions of the metal substrate. This implantation creates regions of metal oxide, which may be more susceptible to etching. Afterwards, the exposed regions of metal oxide are subjected to an etching process. This process may be through vaporization or may be a wet etch process. In some embodiments, the etchant is selected so that the metal oxide binds with the etchant to form a volatile compound, which stays in the vapor or gaseous state. This may reduce the unwanted deposition of the metal to other surfaces. These ion implantation and etching processes may be repeated a plurality of times to create a recessed feature of the desired depth.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. In certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.

Abstract: An umbrella includes a shaft and a canopy coupled to the shaft and including a hologram. The hologram includes a reflective hologram or a transmissive hologram. The hologram can be viewed from underneath the canopy or from above the canopy. The umbrella includes a light source for illuminating the hologram. The light source is located inside of the shaft. The shaft includes a reflector for reflecting light from the light source to illuminate the hologram. The reflector includes a reflective cone. The light source includes an incoherent light source, e.g., an LED and/or a coherent light source, e.g., a laser. The hologram includes a reflective hologram that is viewable from underneath the canopy and/or a transmissive hologram that is viewable from above or beneath the canopy. The umbrella includes a microprocessor control system form controlling the light source.

Abstract: A musical instrument, such as a guitar, includes a transparent layer, an object formed in the transparent layer, a light source configured to transmit light into the transparent layer to illuminate the object, and a non-transparent layer over the transparent layer. The non-transparent layer is configured to inhibit the object from being seen through the non-transparent layer unless the light source is illuminated. A guitar may also include a neck and a body defining a sealed, hollow cavity that is fillable with a gas, a solid, a liquid, or a vacuum.

Abstract: Illuminated footwear including a translucent sole insert housing LEDs, preferably of different colors which may be combined to produce a wide array of colors is provided. The heel similarly includes a translucent insert and includes an interior mirror material and an illumination source. An on/off switch in the toe of the footwear is connected in a circuit with a replaceable battery, a control processor and the LEDs. The control processor includes logic that may dim, strobe, or shut off all or some of the LEDs. In operation, when the device is activated, the LEDs are illuminated. The light from the individual LEDs is blended and reflected by the interior mirror materials in an outward direction from the shoe. The translucent material in the sole and heel of the shoe allows the blended light to pass through to create a pleasing visual effect.