Abstract: A scanner-control device for scanning an echo signal formed by returning transmit pulses, includes a clock generator, which triggers a pulse shaper for the transmit pulses and a further pulse shaper for scanning pulses. The scanner-control device also includes setting member for modifying a delay time of the scanning pulses, so that the echo signal can gradually be reconstructed from the returning transmit pulses.

Abstract: A device for interferometric detection of surface structures by measurement of the phase difference in laser speckle pairs in the measuring points of this surface is proposed. This device comprises at least two laser sources (10-12), the frequency or wavelength of which is modulated, a splitter device (16) splitting the respectively generated laser beam into two partial beams, means for frequency shifting of the two partial beams in relation to each other, and a beam guide device, by means of which one of the partial beams can be supplied as a reference beam and the other as a measuring beam, guided to the measuring point and reflected there, both interferometrically superimposed, to a photodetector device (25), downstream of which an evaluating device (27) for determining the phase shift is placed.

Abstract: The distance-frequency transducer includes a capacitor whose capacitance changes as a function of movement of one electrode relative to the other. The movement is controlled by the parameter to be measured, as, for example, the pressure in a pressure pickup. The capacitance determines the frequency of an RC oscillator. The output frequency of the oscillator can be calibrated directly in pressure units.

Abstract: A radar system utilizes stretched radar pulses generated by multiplying the received radar pulse sequence by an auxiliary pulse sequence having a slightly lower pulse repetition frequency than the transmitted radar pulses. The pulse repetition period of the sequence of auxiliary pulses therefore exceeds the pulse repetition period of the transmitted radar pulses by a predetermined time difference. To eliminate echoes from undesired targets located more than a predetermined maximum distance from the radar the sequence of auxiliary pulses is synchronized to the sequence of transmitted radar pulses periodically with a synchronizing time including a predetermined number of transmitted radar pulses. The predetermined number is so chosen that the product of the number minus one, multiplied by the predetermined time difference, is equal to the time required for a radar pulse to travel back and forth from a target located at the predetermined maximum distance.

Abstract: A signal proportional to steering angle is produced by a potentiometer controlled by the steering wheel, except for steering angles below about 0.1.degree. that are frequently used for corrections in driving on a straight course. For steering angles above about 0.5.degree., the signal remains constant in magnitude. The signal controls a range gate of the radar system suppressing the effect of echoes beyond a maximum range limit smaller than the intercept of a radar ray at the beam edge on an arc concentric with the curved path of the vehicle having a radius of curvature exceeding that of the vehicle path by a predetermined amount which is chosen so as to preclude reception of echoes from guard rails situated on the outside of highway curves.

Abstract: Pulse sequences from a radar receiver respectively made up of successive start pulses and of successive echo pulses from one or more targets are expanded in time by multiplication with an auxiliary pulse sequence differing slightly in repetition rate from the start pulse sequence. This enables circuits to be used with a lower degree of time resolution that would otherwise be needed, at the cost of proportionally reducing the number of individual measurements of the target distance, a cost which is of no substantial consequence in an anti-collision radar where the closing rates are small compared to the pulse repetition rate. A time-expanded sequence of reference pulses is similarly produced from the oscillator controlling the repetition of the radar pulses and the auxiliary oscillator in order to make the measurements independent of signal propagation times within these circuits.