Abstract: Process for determining disturbances of a moisture cross profile of a fibrous material web in a paper making machine, a paper making machine, and a measuring arrangement for measuring the disturbances, the process including guiding the fibrous material web by way of at least one water-permeable belt and collecting and draining off water released from the belt. The water is collected by several sections separated from one another. The process further includes measuring per time unit, the amount of water in each section, wherein the sections extend at right angles to a web running direction over only a partial section of the fibrous material web. The paper making machine includes at least one water-permeable belt, the belt being wrapped around a roll. The measuring arrangement includes a water collection device having the form of one of a trough, or channel.

Abstract: A process for the reaction of an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising, as active metal, ruthenium alone or together with at least one Group Ib, VIIb, or VIIIb metal in an amount of from 0.01 to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, wherein from 10 to 50% of the pore volume of the support comprises macropores having a pore diameter in the range of from 50 nm to 10,000 nm and from 50 to 90% of the pore volume of the support comprises mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, the sum of said pore volumes being 100%, and said catalyst as such.

Abstract: In a process for isolating &agr;-ethynyl carbinols from the liquid reaction mixture from the addition of acetylene onto &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by distillation, the distillation is carried out continuously, the feed stream is introduced into the middle section of a distillation column (K), the major part of the water is distilled off azeotropically together with the solvent at the top of the column, and the &agr;-ethynyl carbinol target product is taken off below the feed point to the column.

Abstract: A process for the reaction of an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising, as active metal, ruthenium alone or together with at least one Group Ib, VIIb, or VIIIb metal in an amount of from 0.01 to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, wherein from 10 to 50% of the pore volume of the support comprises macropores having a pore diameter in the range of from 50 nm to 10,000 nm and from 50 to 90% of the pore volume of the support comprises mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, the sum of said pore volumes being 100%, and said catalyst as such.

Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: A process for the reaction of an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising, as active metal, ruthenium alone or together with at least one Group Ib, VIIb, or VIIIb metal in an amount of from 0.01 to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, wherein from 10 to 50% of the pore volume of the support comprises macropores having a pore diameter in the range of from 50 nm to 10,000 nm and from 50 to 90% of the pore volume of the support comprises mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, the sum of said pore volumes being 100%, and said catalyst as such.

Abstract: An activated fixed-bed Raney metal catalyst which is free of metal powder, has macropores and is based on an alloy of aluminum and at least one metal of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table, contains more than 80% by volume, based on the total pores, of macropores and is used for the hydrogenation of low molecular weight and polymeric organic compounds.

Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess an aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I ##STR1## are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree. C., it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II ##STR2## .

Abstract: A process for the preparation of butyrolactones of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups, or aryl and trialkylsilyl groups, if appropriate carrying inert: substituents, is described in which an alkyne of the formula IIR.sup.1 --C.tbd.C--R.sup.2 IIwhere the substituents have the meanings indicated above, is reacted under reducing conditions at elevated pressure and elevated temperature with carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen in the presence of a transition metal catalyst or with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds in which at least one hydroxyl group is bonded to an aromatic ring comprises bringing at least one of these compounds into contact with free hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises ruthenium and, if desired, at least one metal of transition groups I, VII and VIII in an amount of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, where the support has a mean pore diameter of at least 0.1 .mu.m, preferably at least 0.5 .mu.m, and a surface area of at most 15 m.sup.2 /g, preferably at most 10 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of an aromatic compound, in which at least one hydroxyl group is attached to an aromatic core, or an aromatic compound, in which at least one amino group is attached to an aromatic core, in the presence of a catalyst containing, as active metal, ruthenium and optionally one or more other Group IB, VIIB, or VIIIB metals, applied to a macroporous support.

Abstract: A process for reacting an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a homogeneous ruthenium compound or a mixture of two or more thereof deposited in situ on a support.

Abstract: In a process for hydrogenating an aromatic compound in which at least one hydroxyl group is bonded to an aromatic ring or an aromatic compound in which at least one amino group is bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of a catalyst comprising as catalytically active component at least one metal of transition group I, VII or VIII of the Periodic Table applied to a support, the catalyst is obtainable bya) dissolving the catalytically active component or a precursor compound thereof in a solvent,b) admixing the solution thus obtained with an organic polymer which is able to bind at least ten times its own weight of water, giving a swollen polymer,c) subsequently mixing the swollen polymer with a catalyst support material andd) shaping, drying and calcining the composition obtained in this way.

Abstract: N-Hydroxyalkyl-substituted aminoalkynes of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by reacting an alkyne with a 1-oxa-3-azaheterocyclo-alkane in a reaction with heterogeneous catalysis by a catalyst which comprises a compound of a metal of the first or second sub-group.

Abstract: Hydroxyalkyl-substituted aminoalkynes of the general formula I ##STR1## where at least one of the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is hydroxyalkyl are prepared in a reaction with heterogeneous catalysis.

Abstract: 2-Imidazolidinones are prepared by reacting 1,3-dioxalan-2-one (ethylene carbonate) with at least one compound of the formula RNH.sub.2 where R can be, inter alia, H, alkyl, aryl, heteroalkyl or heteroaryl.

Abstract: Vinyl carbamate compounds are prepared by reacting appropriate secondary amines with carbon dioxide and acetylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of a compound of a metal from the platinum group, in particular a ruthenium compound, with either one of the two process steps (a) and (b) or, preferably, both being carried out:(a) the acetylene compound is reinjected during the reaction;(b) the reaction is carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds in which at least one amino group is bonded to an aromatic nucleus are catalytically hydrogenated in the liquid phase by a process in which the catalyst consists essentially of ruthenium and, optionally at least one metal of subgroup I, VII or VIII in an amount of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a carrier which has a mean pore diameter of at least 0.1 .mu.m and a surface area of not more than 15 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Ethylene-based copolymers which are suitable as flow improvers for mineral oil middle distillates are composed ofa) from 50 to 94% by weight of ethylene,b) from 3 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c) from 3 to 20% by weight of one or more aminoalkyl acrylates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and A.sup.1 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, andd) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers a) to c),copolymers in which monomer b) is vinyl acetate and which have a number average molecular weight of from 5000 to 50,000 being excluded, or are composed ofa') from 50 to 95.5% by weight of ethylene,b') from 4 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c') from 0.