Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance and to the use thereof for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust from industrial facilities, from combustion engines, from gas engines, from diesel engines or from petrol engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ammonia gas generator for generating ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance and to the use thereof for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust, in particular from industrial facilities, from combustion engines, from gas engines, from diesel engines or from petrol engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ammonia gas generator for producing ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance as well as the use thereof in exhaust after treatment systems. The invention further relates to a method for producing ammonia gas to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases, in particular combustion gases from internal combustion engines such as diesel engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ammonia gas generator for generating ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance and to the use thereof for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust, in particular from industrial facilities, from combustion engines, from gas engines, from diesel engines or from petrol engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ammonia gas generator for producing ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance as well as the use thereof in exhaust aftertreatment systems. The invention further relates to a method for producing ammonia gas to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases, in particular combustion gases from internal combustion engines such as diesel engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance and to the use thereof for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust from industrial facilities, from combustion engines, from gas engines, from diesel engines or from petrol engines.

Abstract: Described are a gas-turbine construction and a method of operating this gas-turbine construction, having an air compressor, a heat exchanger connected downstream of the air compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine which can be driven by hot combustion gases and from which the combustion gases are fed to the heat exchanger for heating the compressed supply air coming from the air compressor. The invention is distinguished by the fact that the heat exchanger and the combustion chamber are integrated in a common unit, and that fuel can be added to the supply air before entry into the unit, which fuel can be ignited catalytically in the form of an air/fuel mixture inside the unit, in which a catalyst is provided.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber, the hot gases are prepared sequentially via two stages (20, 40). Arranged at the end of the first stage (20) in the direction of flow is a cross-sectional constriction (30) via which the hot gases (21) prepared in the first stage (20) are passed over into the second stage (40). The Mach number at the outlet (31) of this cross-sectional constriction (30) corresponds to the area ratio of outlet area (A2) over inlet area (A1). This results in a low-reflection configuration in which low-frequency vibrations are absorbed to a significant extent. And acoustic energy reflected from the turbine is substantially reduced.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a two-stage pressure atomizer nozzle for at least one liquid to be atomized, with which two-stage pressure atomizer nozzle improved liquid distribution in the exterior space of the pressure atomizer nozzle, in particular improved fuel distribution in a premix burner, can be achieved. To this end, the pressure atomizer nozzle has a nozzle head (4) connecting the outer and inner tubes (2, 3) to one another downstream. At least two separate turbulence and/or swirl chambers (9, 10, 11, 12) are arranged in the nozzle head (4). Each of these turbulence and/or swirl chambers (9, 10, 11, 12) is connected to the second feed passage (6) via at least one swirl passage (16), to the first feed passage (5) via at least one turbulence-generator passage (15) and to the exterior space (18) of the nozzle body (1) via a discharge opening (17).

Abstract: In a boiler plant for heat generation, which consists essentially of a combustion space and of a burner acting on the head side of the combustion space, this combustion space is divided into two parts (17,102a) by the insertion of an annular disk (103). A limited internal backflow zone (24) forms in the front part (17) in interaction with this disk (103). This disk (103) then causes external backflow zones (106) fed by recirculated flue gases (30) to form within the front part (17) of the combustion space, the flue gases of said external backflow zones being introduced into the combustion process of the burner, said backflow zones (24, 106) being in each case separated locally from one another. Better flame stabilization, lower pulsations and markedly lower pollutant emissions can thereby be achieved when the burner is operating.

Abstract: In a method of operating a swirl-stabilized burner operated with gaseous and/or liquid fuels (12, 16), in which combustion air (7) or a mixture of recycled flue gas (30) and fresh air (29), which mixture is formed by injector delivery, and fuel (12, 16) are intensively mixed by means of a swirl generator (37) and then burned, in the course of which a backflow zone (24), which stabilizes the flame, is formed, starting air (38), which has at least a radial velocity component, is injected during the starting action at the downstream end of the swirl generator (37) in such a way as to be directed from the margin of the burner into the center. The injection of the starting air (38) is switched off after the end of the starting action, so that the burner works in such a way as to be unaffected in normal operation. The invention improves the ignition conditions, increases the flame stabilization, and reduces the pollutant emissions when the burner is being started.

Abstract: In a burner for operating a combustion chamber with a liquid and/or gaseous fuel (12, 16), the combustion air (7) required for this purpose is directed through tangential air-inlet ducts (5, 6) into an interior space of the burner. This directing of the flow results in a swirl flow in the interior space, which swirl flow induces a backflow zone at the outlet of the burner. In order to stabilize the flame front forming there, at least one zone (27) is provided at each sectional body (1, 2) forming the burner, within which zone (27) inlet openings (29) are provided for the injection of supplementary air (32) into the swirl flow (7a). Due to this injection, a film forms at the inner wall of the sectional bodies (1, 2), which film prevents the flame from being able to flashback along the inner wall of the sectional bodies (1, 2) into the interior space of the burner.

Abstract: In a method of operating a plant with staged combustion, the first combustion stage (1a) is operated with a fuel/air mixture (3) whose air coefficient is larger than the overall air coefficient of the combustion system. The hot combustion gases (5) from the first combustion stage (1a) are mixed with an additional fuel/air mixture (4) whose air coefficient is smaller than the overall air coefficient of the combustion system, before the further combustion in the second stage (2a) takes place. Since hot-gas backmixing is no longer required in the second stage (2a) for the flame stabilization, this combined mixture burns without the formation of further NOx emissions.

Abstract: In a method for operating a combustion chamber (4) equipped with premixing burners, under full load all the burners being operated under identical stoichiometric conditions, the burners are subdivided into at least two burner groups (1, 2 and, in the case of operating conditions below full load, the respective burner groups (1, 2) are operated with different air coefficients (.lambda.1, .lambda.2), that is to say at different flame temperatures (Tgr1, Tgr2). The operating range of the combustion chamber is widened considerably thereby.

Abstract: In a burner (1) for a heat generator, having a throughflow passage (3) for the throughflow of a combustion-air flow (12), a hentral main fuel lance (5) acts inside the said throughflow passage (3). A number of mixing elements (6) are arranged in an annular manner around this main fuel lance (5), and the remaining annular throughflow cross section is covered concentrically hereto by swirl generators. The mixing elements (6) are fed with a fuel (13a) and a partial combustion-air quantity (12a). The mode of operation of these mixing elements (6) corresponds to that of a pilot stage, whereby the flame stability is increased, while the NOx emissions remain at a low level.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a novel cone burner for gaseous and/or liquid fuels which has a reduced NOx and CO emission. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the sectional cone bodies (1, 2) have a common outlet diffuser (27) at their downstream end. They have a transition region (28) to the outlet diffuser (27), in which the size of the air-inlet slots (7, 8) decreases continuously in the direction (3) of flow. The outlet diffuser (27) is designed to be circular and without air-inlet slots (7, 8).

Abstract: In a combustion chamber consisting of a first stage (1) and a second stage (2) arranged downstream in the direction of flow, a mixer (100) is arranged on the head side of the first stage (1), which mixer (100) forms a fuel/air mixture (19). Acting on the outflow side of this mixer (100) is a catalyzer (3) in which the said mixture (19) is completely burnt, the mixing being selected in such a way that an adiabatic flame temperature of between 800.degree. and 1100.degree. C. arises. Positioned on the outflow side of this catalyzer (3) are vortex generators (200) which provide for a turbulent flow. Downstream of these vortex generators (200), fuel (9) is injected and self-ignition initiated. A following jump (12) in cross section in the cross section of flow of the combustion chamber, which jump (12) in cross section forms the start of the second stage (2), provides a stabilizing backflow zone of the flame front (21).

Abstract: In the case of a heat generator which essentially consists of a premix burner (100) and a flame tube (1), the hot gases (10) from the combustion in the premix burner (100) are fed into the flame tube (1), and there undergo staged post-combustion. This post-combustion takes place by means of a first post-combustion stage (11) and a second post-combustion stage (12). The air/fuel mixture (11a, 12a) is provided for each post-combustion stage (11, 12) in individual mixers (200, 300). These mixers are arranged axially with respect to the flame tube (1) and work in such a way that injection of the corresponding mixture (11a, 12a) makes it possible to obtain different combustion zones which extend in a staged sequence over the flame tube (1). By virtue of this staged post-combustion mode NO.sub.x emissions can be reduced by a factor of 5 compared to conventional techniques.

Abstract: A gas turbine apparatus for higher pressure and temperature ratio operation, improved thermal efficiency and minimized NO.sub.x emissions includes a high pressure compressor, a high pressure turbine, a low pressure turbine and combustion chambers for each of the turbines. A diffuser guides exhaust gas from the high pressure turbine and retards the velocity of the gases. A 180.degree. bend downstream of the diffuser changes the flow direction of the gases. Fuel lances extend into the bend at the outlet end to inject fuel into the gases after the direction change. The bend directs the gas and fuel into a reversal combustion chamber where the gases and fuel again changes direction by 180.degree., and a ring vortex in the flow is produced. The fuel and air is ignited and combusted, and the combusted gases directed into the low pressure turbine.

Abstract: In a firing installation which is designed to minimize the pollutant emissions during the use of both a liquid and a gaseous fuel, an annular chamber (12) is arranged downstream of a first combustion stage (1) on the head side of a second combustion stage (2) arranged downstream. The first combustion stage (1) is operated as a lean stage with a burner (100), while the second combustion stage (2) is operated as a near-stiochiometric stage. The wall of the annular chamber (12) has a number of openings (13) for the inflow of a mixture (14) of recycled flue gas (4) and fuel (15). The combustion air (115) for the burner (100) is likewise a mixture (6) of air (3) and recycled flue gas (4). The hot gases from this first combustion stage (1) are moderated before entering the second combustion stage (2), self-igniting combustion taking place in this second combustion stage (2) starting from the annular chamber (12).