Abstract: An X-ray source for ionizing of gases includes a field emission tip array within a vacuum region enclosed by a hood and a part of a support plate. The field emission tip array is arranged electrically insulated with respect to the carrier plate and wired as a cathode connected to a high-voltage source. A transmission window transparent to X-ray radiation is arranged in the hood centrally above the field emission tip array, and the hood is wired as an anode.

Abstract: An X-ray source for ionizing of gases includes a field emission tip array within a vacuum region enclosed by a hood and a part of a support plate. The field emission tip array is arranged electrically insulated with respect to the carrier plate and wired as a cathode connected to a high-voltage source. A transmission window transparent to X-ray radiation is arranged in the hood centrally above the field emission tip array, and the hood is wired as an anode.

Abstract: A device for particle free handling of substrates of micro technology within mini environments under clean room conditions works friction free and thus particle free. One component of the device is movable relative to an other component in at least the x-, y-, z-axes and a ?-direction and supported and driven along each of the axes and the direction contactless electromagnetically. Transmission of energy for bearing and driving the one component is effected contactless. The device includes at least one active component and at least one passive component. A movable active component may be guided on the fixed passive component by a magnet bearing, and a drive motor which rides with the active component may be coupled with an energy supply over an electromagnetic coupling.

Abstract: A device for generating ions in gas streams is proposed, which has an electrode arrangement exposed to the gas streams and a pulsed high voltage supply, which supplies an alternating sequence of negative and positive pulses with step edges. The electrode arrangement comprises at least one point discharge electrode and at least one counterelectrode associated with one another in fixed, clearly defined manner. The time behaviour of the high voltage signal is fixed in such a way that the duration of the particular pulse corresponds to the transit time of the ions between the electrodes and the spacing of the pulses is adapted to the speed of the gas streams.