Abstract: The invention relates to new synthesis techniques to form emulsifiers of low color from maleic anhydride and polymers of isobutylene. These emulsifiers satisfy a need for a low color component with a long oil compatible hydrophobic tail and a short hydrophilic moiety.

Abstract: The invention provides an emulsified water in oil composition comprising: A) a fuel; B) a water; C) a high molecular weight emulsifier; D) a surfactant having a molecular weight of about less than or equal to about 950 g/mol wherein the surfactant comprises: i) natural fats; ii) non-ionic and ionic surfactants; iii) co-surfactant; iv) fatty acids and their amine salts; or v) combinations thereof; and E) optionally ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: An emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of a hydrocarbon fuel; (B) about 1% to about 50% by weight of water; (C) about 0.1% to about 10% of a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt comprised of (I) a first acylating agent, said first acylating agent having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent of about 20 to 500 carbon atoms and a molecular weight (Mn) in the range of about 500 Mn to 10,000 Mn, (II) a second acylating agent, said second acylating agent selected from the group consisting of monocarboxylic agents, polycarboxylic agents, dicarboxylic agents and combinations thereof; and wherein said second acylating agent has at least 1 hydrocarbyl substituent of up to about 35 carbon atoms and reacting said carboxylic acylating agents (I) and (II) with (III) an ammonia or an amine to form a salt; (D) about 0.001% to about 15% by weight of the water-soluble salt distinct from component (C).