Abstract: A method for producing a molded part for use in a casting method may involve an additive manufacturing process. The method may also include introducing at least one relief joint into the molded part during production in order to prevent or reduce tensile stresses in the molded part.

Abstract: A core pack has at least two cores. The cores have chaplet sections that are oriented relative to one another and form a print. A chaplet is or can be placed on and/or against the print, thus allowing the cores to be secured relative to one another.

Abstract: A mold includes an ingot mold and a top core. The top core is disposed in and/or on the ingot mold. The top core forms, in part, a functional surface of a component formed in the mold and the ingot mold forms at least a sub-region of the functional surface of the component formed in the mold.

Abstract: A mold includes an ingot mold and a top core. The top core is disposed in and/or on the ingot mold. The top core forms, in part, a functional surface of a component formed in the mold and the ingot mold forms at least a sub-region of the functional surface of the component formed in the mold.

Abstract: A casting device and casting method are provided for producing components, in particular cylinder heads. The device includes a reusable steel upper core, which can be lifted off from the component to be produced and which has a movable displacing element. The displacement element can be pressed into the component to be produced for dense feeding. In a method for producing a cylinder head by casting, wherein the steel upper core is used as a substitution for a sand cover core, for dense feeding the displacing element is pressed into the melt that forms the cylinder head in the solidified state.

Abstract: A core pack has at least two cores. The cores have chaplet sections that are oriented relative to one another and form a print. A chaplet is or can be placed on and/or against the print, thus allowing the cores to be secured relative to one another.

Abstract: A method for producing a casting core for manufacturing cylinder heads including the following steps: producing at least one core component, by a constructive method, with a contour for the formation of internal contours of a first cylinder head producing at least one further core component, by a constructive method, with a contour for the formation of internal contours of a further cylinder head; producing at least one sprue core component for feeding the molten mass during the casting method; and joining the two core components to the sprue core component in an opposing orientation.

Abstract: A method for producing a casting core for manufacturing cylinder heads including the following steps: producing at least one core component, by a constructive method, with a contour for the formation of internal contours of a first cylinder head producing at least one further core component, by a constructive method, with a contour for the formation of internal contours of a further cylinder head; producing at least one sprue core component for feeding the molten mass during the casting method; and joining the two core components to the sprue core component in an opposing orientation.

Abstract: A casting device and casting method are provided for producing components, in particular cylinder heads. The device includes a reusable steel upper core, which can be lifted off from the component to be produced and which has a movable displacing element. The displacement element can be pressed into the component to be produced for dense feeding. In a method for producing a cylinder head by casting, wherein the steel upper core is used as a substitution for a sand cover core, for dense feeding the displacing element is pressed into the melt that forms the cylinder head in the solidified state.

Abstract: A valve having secondary spring force containment includes a valve body featuring an opening with a valve closure member sized to close the opening. A stem has a first end connected to the valve closure member. A proximal spring seat is positioned adjacent to the valve body, A distal spring seat is mounted on the second end of the stem. A spring is positioned between the proximal and distal spring seats so that the valve closure member is urged into a position where the valve body opening is closed. A hollow rod is attached between the proximal and distal spring seats to provide secondary spring force containment with the stem passing through the hollow rod.

Abstract: A valve having secondary spring force containment includes a valve body featuring an opening with a valve closure member sized to close the opening. A stem has a first end connected to the valve closure member. A proximal spring seat is positioned adjacent to the valve body, A distal spring seat is mounted on the second end of the stem. A spring is positioned between the proximal and distal spring seats so that the valve closure member is urged into a position where the valve body opening is closed. A hollow rod is attached between the proximal and distal spring seats to provide secondary spring force containment with the stem passing through the hollow rod.

Abstract: The integrated precast building system provides for all construction elements. The walls, floor, and roof form an integrated structure of module length (FIG. 3). Passages for HVAC, electrical wiring and piping are provided. Inserts for decorative panels and lighting are easily installed and removed. The sloped roof requires no covering. A flat roof can be made with the floor panel but the roof would not be as waterproof as the recommended sloped roof. The system is applicable to homes thru large commercial buildings. The building goes together faster and is completed quicker because all details of the structure are integrated. Life cycle costs are minimized because the structural elements need no painting and do not deteriorate. The basic structure is fireproof. Modifications are easy. Removing the inserts, installing the changes and replacing the inserts facilitate modifications. The buildings can withstand earthquake 4 requirements when post tensioned.

Abstract: A carpet underlay comprising a composite of a fibrous substrate and a film affixed to said substrate which is impermeable to liquids and permeable to moisture vapor is disclosed.

Abstract: A hunter's tree step including an integral loop is disclosed. The loop provides for the use by readily-available safety equipment.

Abstract: A distance-measuring system includes a light source for transmitting a beam of light to a target, thereby generating a received beam. A calibration unit periodically calibrates the system by positioning a calibration target between the light source and the target so that the transmitted beam is interrupted, thereby generating a received calibration beam. The calibration unit also generates a calibration signal which is indicative of when the calibration target is generating the received calibration beam. A target sensor receives the reflected target and calibration beams and provides a target signal indicative of the reflected target and calibration beams. A reference sensor receives light from the light source and provides a reference signal to the processing circuitry. Processing circuitry receives the calibration, target, and reference signals and calculates the distance to the target based upon the target and reference signals and/or calibrates the system based upon the calibration signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to making nonwoven fabrics which are durable for machine washing and durable for other wet and hard use or abusive applications. The inventive fabrics comprise two layers of fabric sheet bonded together at closely spaced locations where the bonding includes fibers from both fabrics thoroughly involved with the binder. The inventive fabrics retain the qualities of a spunlaced nonwoven fabric which include low cost, comfort, drapability, softness, absorbency, breathability and others while having the durability comparable to traditional knitted or woven fabrics.

Abstract: In analysing a sample by atomic absorption or atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, the cloud of free atoms which interact with incident radiation is produced by heating a graphite body, disposed below the interaction region, on which the sample has been deposited. The body is heated in an inert atmosphere by passing electric current through it. Compact forms of apparatus which may replace the burner system of a conventional spectrometer utilise a horizontally disposed graphite rod around which flows a stream of inert gas.

Abstract: In a method of analytical spectrometry, material to be analysed is introduced in solution between a pair of charged electrodes so as to produce a light-absorbing atomic or molecular species by electrolysis at an electrode surface. A beam of light of an appropriate wavelength is directed through the solution into the vicinity of the relevant surface and light emerging from this vicinity is detected. Specific forms of apparatus are described for practising the method, using either absorption or fluorescence techniques.

Abstract: Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly[oxymethylene-oligo(oxyethylene)](PEM) disks are cross-linked by exposure to UV radiation. The rate of formation of cross-links is greatly enhanced by the presence of benzophenone, and an average cross-link density of up to 6 mol% of ethoxy units can be obtained after irradiation. The highly cross-linked polymers are insoluble in water or organic solvents and show improved physical properties for handling and the formation of free-standing films. Dynamic modulus measurements and polymer swelling are employed to characterize the polymers. Dynamic modulus measurements show that, upon irradiation, PEO and PEM become cross-linked elastomeric solids.