Abstract: A ferroelectric loaded waveguide resonator capable of operation at microwave, millimeter-wave and higher frequencies and suitable for integration into a three-dimensional monolithic microwave integrated circuit (3D MMIC) is disclosed. The resonator includes a resonator cavity, which, in one form of the invention, is formed by two parallel metal layers and a metallized wall structure extending between the metal layers. The cavity is filled with dielectric material and includes a layer of ferroelectric material, which is used to control the resonant frequency by varying a voltage bias applied to the ferroelectric layer. The cavity includes a slot in one of the metal layers and a coupling strip formed adjacent to the slot to provide electromagnetic coupling to other components, such as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The invention can also be applied to other multi-metal semiconductor or wafer level packaging technologies.

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) multi-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and methods of making the same is provided. The 3D MMIC multi-push oscillator includes a plurality of matching frequency oscillators coupled to a phasing ring in substantially equidistantly spaced apart locations. A combined VCO output signal is provided at a central output connection point of the phasing ring. The central output connection point resides on a first plane. An output conductor transition has a first end coupled to the central output connection point and a second end provided as an output to the quad-push VCO. The output conductor transition extends transverse to the first plane and terminates at a second plane separated from the first plane. The multi-push oscillator can be a push-push, quad-push or N-push type VCO based on a particular implementation.

Abstract: A communications system that uses electromagnetic waves. The communications system preferably operates in the millimeter-wave frequencies, and provides relatively high signal restoration and isolation. The communications system can use polarization diversity to increase the capacity of a channel. Isolation and restoration features in the transceivers eliminate or reduce the effects of precipitation and/or reflection and diffraction from objects, and thus is well-suited for an urban environment. The transceiver will select the proper antenna and signal path for optimal information throughput as the conditions in the propagation medium of the network vary.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter. A reference frequency is generated and emitted to a thermally stable frequency discriminator. The thermally stable frequency discriminator emits a dc voltage to a plurality of individual oscillators. The individual oscillators in continuous wave mode or modulated by baseband signals are combined into a multi-channel signal at an intermediate range of frequencies. The multi-channel intermediate range of frequencies are preferably amplified and emitted as an output signal. At relatively lower frequencies, such as 4-6 GHz, up-conversion of the output signal is not necessary. At relatively higher frequencies, an up-converter can be used to employ a second thermally stable frequency discriminator.

Abstract: A communications system that uses electromagnetic waves. The communications system preferably operates in the millimeter-wave frequencies, and provides relatively high signal restoration and isolation. The communications system can use polarization diversity to increase the capacity of a channel. Isolation and restoration features in the transceivers eliminate or reduce the effects of precipitation and/or reflection and diffraction from objects, and thus is well-suited for an urban environment.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator frequency discriminator comprising a microstrip, a single mode dielectric resonator coupled to the microstrip, at least one detector for detecting an RF signal coupled to the microstrip and an RF input for introducing an RF signal coupled to the microstrip.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter. A reference frequency is generated and emitted to a thermally stable frequency discriminator. The thermally stable frequency discriminator emits a dc voltage to a plurality of individual oscillators. The individual oscillators in continuous wave mode or modulated by baseband signals are combined into a multi-channel signal at an intermediate range of frequencies. The multi-channel intermediate range of frequencies are preferably amplified and emitted as an output signal. At relatively lower frequencies, such as 4-6 GHz, up-conversion of the output signal is not necessary. At relatively higher frequencies, an up-converter can be used to employ a second thermally stable frequency discriminator.

Abstract: A communications system that uses electromagnetic waves. The communications system preferably operates in the millimeter-wave frequencies, and provides relatively high signal restoration and isolation. The communications system can use polarization diversity to increase the capacity of a channel. Isolation and restoration features in the transceivers eliminate or reduce the effects of precipitation and/or reflection and diffraction from objects, and thus is well-suited for an urban environment.