Abstract: A head tracking system for determining a head position of a user may include a light source configured to emit light onto a rectangular position sensitive device supported by a support structure such as headphones. The light emitted by the light source may generate a light spot on the position sensitive device. A head position determining module may determine the head position using the position of the light spot on the position sensitive device. The support structure may be configured to support the position sensitive device such that a head rotation results in rotation of the position sensitive device and a displacement of the light spot toward a corner of the rectangular position sensitive device.

Abstract: A head tracking system for determining a head position of a user may include a light source configured to emit light onto a rectangular position sensitive device supported by a support structure such as headphones. The light emitted by the light source may generate a light spot on the position sensitive device. A head position determining module may determine the head position using the position of the light spot on the position sensitive device. The support structure may be configured to support the position sensitive device such that a head rotation results in rotation of the position sensitive device and a displacement of the light spot toward a corner of the rectangular position sensitive device.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for posttreatment of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engines in which nitric oxides contained in the exhaust gas can be selectively catalytically reduced, and a first auxiliary agent kept on hand can be delivered to the exhaust gas, and means are provided for at least intermittently subjecting a portion of the first auxiliary agent to a chemical conversion into a second auxiliary agent, and an intermediate reservoir is provided for storing the second auxiliary agent, so that at least intermittently, the second auxiliary agent can be delivered to the exhaust gas parallel to or in alternation with the first auxiliary agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dosing system comprising a dosing means for metering a liquid, especially an aqueous urea solution used for the after treatment of exhaust gases generated by combustion engines. The liquid can be conveyed from a reservoir into an exhaust manifold through the dosing means in a normally operating conveying device. According to the invention, at least one area that is located between a dosing point and the reservoir and is impinged upon by the liquid can be emptied counter to a normal transport direction of the liquid.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine whose exhaust area has at least one SCR catalytic converter and a device for carrying out the method are described. The SCR catalytic converter receiving the reagent supports the conversion of the raw NOx emission of the internal combustion engine. At least a measure of the NOx concentration occurring downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is calculated and this value may be used to define a metering signal for the reagent and/or a heating measure for heating the SCR catalytic converter may be initiated. According to a refinement of this arrangement, a difference between the calculated NOx concentration and the sum of the measured NOx concentration and the measured reagent concentration downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is determined, and it is possible to intervene in the determination of the metering signal depending on the difference.

Abstract: A method for operating a catalytic converter used for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method, which provide for an open-loop or closed-loop control of the reagent fill level in the catalytic converter to a predefined storage setpoint value. The targeted stipulation of the storage setpoint value ensures, on one hand, that in non-stationary states of the internal combustion engine, there is a sufficient quantity of reagent available for the completest possible removal of at least one unwanted exhaust-gas component, and on the other hand, a reagent slip is avoided.

Abstract: Apparatus for storing and metering of reducing agents that may be used within the framework of a catalytic exhaust gas aftertreatment, having a device for storing the reducing agent to be metered and a metering device for applying the reducing agent to the exhaust gas to be treated, the device for storing the reducing agent having an outer container and a cartridge, containing the reducing agent, that is able to be exchangeably positioned in it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dosing system comprising a dosing means for metering a liquid, especially an aqueous urea solution used for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases generated by combustion engines. The liquid can be conveyed from a reservoir into an exhaust manifold through the dosing means in a normally operating conveying device. According to the invention, at least one area that is located between a dosing point and the reservoir and is impinged upon by the liquid can be emptied counter to a normal transport direction of the liquid.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas cleaning system for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine with self ignition and/or with direct fuel injection has at least one oxidizing catalytic converter, disposed in an exhaust conduit of the engine, and has at least one device, disposed downstream of the oxidizing catalytic converter for the selective catalytic reduction of the exhaust gases. A delivery device integrated with the at least one oxidizing catalytic converter delivers a reducing agent into the exhaust-gas stream of the engine. A corresponding method for cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, especially an internal combustion engine featuring auto-ignition and/or direct fuel injection, is provided. The system includes at least one oxidation catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust gas duct of the internal combustion engine, at least one device for selective catalytic reduction of the exhaust gases which is installed downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter, and a feed device for feeding reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream upstream of, or in, the device for selective catalytic reduction. A switch-over device is provided for selectively feeding reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream upstream of, or inside, the at least one oxidation catalytic converter. A corresponding method for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for posttreatment of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engines in which nitric oxides contained in the exhaust gas can be selectively catalytically reduced, and a first auxiliary agent kept on hand can be delivered to the exhaust gas, and means are provided for at least intermittently subjecting a portion of the first auxiliary agent to a chemical conversion into a second auxiliary agent, and an intermediate reservoir is provided for storing the second auxiliary agent, so that at least intermittently, the second auxiliary agent can be delivered to the exhaust gas parallel to or in alternation with the first auxiliary agent.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine whose exhaust area has at least one SCR catalytic converter and a device for carrying out the method are described. The SCR catalytic converter receiving the reagent supports the conversion of the raw NOx emission of the internal combustion engine. At least a measure of the NOx concentration occurring downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is calculated and this value may be used to define a metering signal for the reagent and/or a heating measure for heating the SCR catalytic converter may be initiated. According to a refinement of this arrangement, a difference between the calculated NOx concentration and the sum of the measured NOx concentration and the measured reagent concentration downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is determined, and it is possible to intervene in the determination of the metering signal depending on the difference.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas cleaning system for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine with self ignition and/or with direct fuel injection has at least one oxidizing catalytic converter, disposed in an exhaust conduit of the engine, and has at least one device, disposed downstream of the oxidizing catalytic converter for the selective catalytic reduction of the exhaust gases. A delivery device integrated with the at least one oxidizing catalytic converter delivers a reducing agent into the exhaust-gas stream of the engine. A corresponding method for cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for operating a catalytic converter used for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method, which provide for an open-loop or closed-loop control of the reagent fill level in the catalytic converter to a predefined storage setpoint value. The targeted stipulation of the storage setpoint value ensures, on one hand, that in non-stationary states of the internal combustion engine, there is a sufficient quantity of reagent available for the completest possible removal of at least one unwanted exhaust-gas component, and on the other hand, a reagent slip is avoided.

Abstract: Apparatus for storing and metering of reducing agents that may be used within the framework of a catalytic exhaust gas aftertreatment, having a device (10) for storing the reducing agent to be metered and a metering device (20) for applying the reducing agent to the exhaust gas to be treated, the device (10) for storing the reducing agent having an outer container (11) and a cartridge (12), containing the reducing agent, that is able to be exchangeably positioned in it.

Abstract: In a mounting frame of a vehicle control pedal unit in which a pedal lever is pivotally supported at one end in a pivot support structure arranged at the end of the mounting frame, the mounting frame has at least first and second mounting structures disposed at its back wall and the first mounting structure is disposed at the end of the mounting frame adjacent the pivot support structure and the second mounting structure is disposed at the opposite end of the mounting frame and includes two spaced recesses receiving two tongues projecting from the vehicle body structure and a bolt extending through aligned bores formed in the mounting frame and in the tongues for firmly connecting the mounting frame to the vehicle body structure.