Abstract: A method includes receiving a first query by a computing device and assigning the first query to a plurality of cognitive engines, wherein each of the plurality of cognitive engines include different characteristics for processing data. The method also includes, responsive to receiving a response from each of the plurality of cognitive engines for the first query, comparing the received responses from the plurality of cognitive engines. The method also included responsive to determining a difference between a first response from a first cognitive engine and a second response from a second cognitive engine is above a predetermined threshold value, performing a response mediation process until the difference is below the predetermined threshold value. The method also includes selecting a first final response from the received responses for the first query and the second query and displaying the first final response to a user.

Abstract: A method and a related system for controlling user access to a target node in a knowledge graph may be provided. The method comprises defining a knowledge graph structure limitation for a user, defining a node type depending on the number of edges connecting to the node, determining a condition for an access to the target node, based on the knowledge graph structure limitation relative to the start node and the node type of the target node, upon the user attempting, coming from a start node, to access the target node in the knowledge graph, and granting access to the target node based on the determination.

Abstract: A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, where different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and computer program product for eliminating a redundant node from a knowledge graph is provided. A structural analysis of a knowledge graph is performed by determining that two nodes have a similar structure. An empirical analysis is performed by determining a search result correlation of potentially redundant nodes, said search result correlation comprising a correlation of search result nodes generated from different search queries to said knowledge graph or a correlation of search results due to selected search result nodes in subtrees of said potentially redundant nodes. Results of said structural analysis and said empirical analysis are combined to generate a redundancy confidence level value for two said nodes. One of said two nodes is determined as redundant. One of said two redundant nodes is removed from the knowledge graph.

Abstract: Access in a knowledge graph, comprising nodes and edges connecting two or more nodes, is controlled by assigning each node to a non-intersecting zone. A first and second zone identifier, each indicative of a zone occupied by a node where an edge ends, are each stored. Determining an access graph comprising an access node for each zone, access edges representing edges between the zones, and a first list of the zones. Each entry in the first list relates to a zone and a second list of node identifiers, each indicative of a node occupying the zone. A first and second access control list, each related to a zone where an access edge ends and to which a access node in the access graph relates, are stored in each access edge.

Abstract: Automatically configuring backup client systems and backup server systems in a backup environment includes the following steps: determining if a new backup client system is available in the backup environment; in case of an available new backup client system a backup configuration module performs the sub-steps of: determining data types the new backup client system has to backup; determining corresponding backup policies for the determined data types based on a backup policy table mapping data types with backup policies; selecting a backup server system for the determined data types based on a backup server table including connection details of available backup server systems; configuring the determined backup policies for the data types of the new backup client system on the selected backup server systems; and updating the backup server table with an identifier of the new backup client system and an identifier of the backup policy.

Abstract: A computer program product, system, and method for building a knowledge graph may include receiving a plurality of new nodes, receiving a base knowledge graph having existing nodes selectively connected by existing edges, and superimposing the new nodes onto selected ones of the existing nodes of the base knowledge graph. The method may further include connecting the new nodes by creating a new edge with a new weight between at least two of the new nodes if corresponding existing nodes in the underlying base knowledge graph have a connection via zero or a predetermined maximum number of existing edges, wherein the new weight is determined based on the existing weights of the existing edges of connections between the corresponding existing nodes, and detaching the new nodes with the new edges from the base knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method and system for deleting a node of a knowledge graph may be provided. The method comprises receiving knowledge graph data comprising nodes and edges, determining a first relevance degree value for a node and a second relevance degree value for the node, combining the first and the second relevance degree value and marking the node as deletable if the final relevance degree value is above a predefined relevance threshold value. The method comprises further applying queries against the knowledge graph, wherein at least a certain number of such queries invokes accessing of a node, marked as deletable, revising at least one of the first and second relevance degree value based on the accessing of the node marked as deletable, and deleting the node, marked as deletable, if over a predetermined period of time queries against the knowledge graph invoke no access of the node marked as deletable.

Abstract: A cognitive hierarchical storage-management system receives feedback describing users' satisfaction with the way that one or more prior data-access requests were serviced. The system uses this feedback to associate each previously requested data element's metadata and storage tier with a level of user satisfaction, and to optimize user satisfaction when the system is trained. As feedback continues to be received, the system uses machine-learning methods to identify how closely specific metadata patterns correlate with certain levels of user satisfaction and with certain storage tiers. The system then uses the resulting associations when determining whether to migrate data associated with a particular metadata pattern to a different tier. Data elements may be migrated between different tiers when two metadata sets share metadata values. A user's degree of satisfaction may be encoded as a metadata element that may be used to train a neural network of a machine-learning module.

Abstract: A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, where different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method and system for tracking a course of a cable using electromagnetic waves. A first distance between a first transceiver and a second transceiver is determined by determining a total transmission time for a first wireless signal traveling in a linear line from the first transceiver to the second transceiver and back to the first transceiver in the linear line, wherein the first transceiver and the second transceiver each include a receiver and a transmitter. A second distance between the first transceiver and the second transceiver is determined by comparing a phase difference between the first signal received by the second transmitter and a second signal received by the second transmitter, wherein the second signal was transmitted from the first transceiver into the cable and received by the second transceiver wirelessly from the cable, and wherein the first signal and the second signal are phase aligned.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to a user, an access right to a node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights; and changing the access right to the node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of the user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method and system for tracking a course of a cable using electromagnetic waves. A first distance between a first transceiver and a second transceiver is determined by determining a total transmission time for a first wireless signal traveling in a linear line from the first transceiver to the second transceiver and back to the first transceiver in the linear line, wherein the first transceiver and the second transceiver each include a receiver and a transmitter. A second distance between the first transceiver and the second transceiver is determined by comparing a phase difference between the first signal received by the second transmitter and a second signal received by the second transmitter, wherein the second signal was transmitted from the first transceiver into the cable and received by the second transceiver wirelessly from the cable, and wherein the first signal and the second signal are phase aligned.

Abstract: A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method and a related system for controlling user access to a target node in a knowledge graph may be provided. The method comprises defining a knowledge graph structure limitation for a user, defining a node type depending on the number of edges connecting to the node, determining a condition for an access to the target node, based on the knowledge graph structure limitation relative to the start node and the node type of the target node, upon the user attempting, coming from a start node, to access the target node in the knowledge graph, and granting access to the target node based on the determination.

Abstract: Access in a knowledge graph, comprising nodes and edges connecting two or more nodes, is controlled by assigning each node to a non-intersecting zone. A first and second zone identifier, each indicative of a zone occupied by a node where an edge ends, are each stored. Determining an access graph comprising an access node for each zone, access edges representing edges between the zones, and a first list of the zones. Each entry in the first list relates to a zone and a second list of node identifiers, each indicative of a node occupying the zone. A first and second access control list, each related to a zone where an access edge ends and to which a access node in the access graph relates, are stored in each access edge.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to a user, an access right to a node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights; and changing the access right to the node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of the user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph.