Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for refining crude tall oil, wherein the method comprises first evaporating tall oil material (10) in a first evaporator (100) whereafter the first fraction (11) is fed to a first distilling column (200) and the second fraction (12) is fed to further evaporation. The condensate(s) recovered from the further evaporation(s) is fed to a second distilling column (300). The present disclosure further concerns the use of different fractions obtained by the method for the production of biofuels or components thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for refining crude tall oil, wherein the method comprises first evaporating tall oil material (10) in a first evaporator (100) whereafter the first fraction (11) is fed to a first distilling column (200) and the second fraction (12) is fed to further evaporation. The condensate(s) recovered from the further evaporation(s) is fed to a second distilling column (300). The present disclosure further concerns the use of different fractions obtained by the method for the production of biofuels or components thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein the process comprises the steps of, subjecting a feedstock comprising CTO and TOP to pretreatment comprising at least two evaporative steps to yield (i) an evaporated feedstock comprising 30 ppm or less of sodium, 35 ppm or less of phosphorus and 30 ppm or less of silicon, (ii) a light fraction and (iii) a residue fraction, and subjecting the evaporated feedstock to catalytic hydroprocessing in the presence of hydrogen to yield a hydroprocessing product comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the liquid fuel range. The invention also relates to hydrocarbon components useful as transportation fuel or as a blending component in transportation fuel, obtainable by said process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein the process comprises the steps, where feedstock comprising CTO and TOP is subjected to pretreatment comprising at least two evaporative steps to yield an evaporated feedstock comprising 30 ppm or less of sodium, 35 ppm or less of phosphorus and 30 ppm or less of silicon, a light fraction and a residue fraction, and subjecting the evaporated feedstock to catalytic hydroprocessing in the presence of hydrogen to yield a hydroprocessing product comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the liquid fuel range. The invention also relates to hydrocarbon components useful as transportation fuel or as a blending component in transportation fuel, obtainable by said process.

Abstract: A method of controlling costs associated with a Voice Over IP connection by including in a call connection set-up message sent over an IP network a maximum charge parameter and, when the connection is required to break out of the IP network into a telecommunication network, comparing the maximum charge parameter contained in the set-up message with a charge parameter associated with the break out part of the connection, and making a decision on completing the break out part of the connection based on the result of the comparison.