Abstract: An adapter for use in friction stir welding is configured to be mountable in and rotated by a standard milling machine. In one embodiment, the adapter includes an upper housing, a lower housing, and a mounting element for transmitting rotational movement from the milling machine. At least a portion of the mounting element is mounted in the upper housing. The adapter may also include a tool holder connected to the lower housing and rotated by the mounting element; and a displacement mechanism for providing movement of the tool holder relative to the mounting element. The displacement mechanism may be isolated from the rotational movement of the mounting element and the tool holder. The displacement mechanism of the adapter may also include at least one piston cylinder assembly. In one embodiment, the upper housing and the lower housing form a part of the piston cylinder assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for installing a wheel disc into a wheel rim to manufacture a vehicle wheel includes upper and lower disc engaging members, which are clamped against opposite sides of the disc, and upper and lower rim engaging members, which engage upper and lower edges of the rim. The disc is first separated from the rim to assure proper alignment between the disc and rim and then forced into frictional engagement with the rim, while a compressive force is applied axially along the rim to relieve stresses and facilitate installation of the disc into the rim.

Abstract: A weld joint round tool. A heavy walled central mounting ring has a mounting plate joined thereto that forms the foundational structure to which all of the moving parts are anchored. Rounding/clamping is performed by twenty-four simultaneously activated shoes that are connected by linkage arms to a central actuator ring. The shoes are expanded or retracted by rotating the actuator ring, which in turn pushes or pulls on each linkage. The ring is rotated by an AC servo motor linked to a gear reducer, the output of which drives a stationary pinion gear to move a rack mounted on the actuator ring. The weld joint round tool is mounted on the end of a cantilevered mandrel structure, which is inserted into the cylinders to be welded. Once the tool is positioned at the joint between the two cylinders, the shoes are expanded to clamp the inner diameter of the two cylinders so that welding can take place.

Abstract: An electron beam gun for operation from 100 to 200 kilovolts which includes means for maintaining the alignment and spacing of critical gun elements over the wide range of temperatures experienced during operation of the gun and which allows for ease in changing filaments and ease in dismantling the gun for servicing. Means are provided for the safe handling of the gun when this is requires while the gun is mounted on a machine. The gun is provided with a novel filament and cathode support cartridge assembly of simple design. A quick access door assembly allows quick and easy access to the guns internal parts and insures positive vacuum sealing.

Abstract: An improvement in high power electron beam guns including a non-inductive high-voltage cable for supplying power to the gun having barriers for preventing air leakage from inside the cable into the vacuum chamber. The gun includes a support for its cathode and filament, which transmits heat developed in these elements to a heat sink so that dimensional accuracy is maintained in the electron beam generating elements. Provision is made for quick release of cable terminations from the gun receptacle and for maintaining a given pressure in insulating grease placed between mating sufaces of plugs and receptacles.

Abstract: An optical system for use in an electron beam welding machine for viewing workpieces mounted within a vacuum chamber from a position outside the chamber, either before or during the welding operation. The optical system includes an automatic motorized means for adjusting the focus of the system to accommodate different electron beam gun to work distances, and simultaneously to automatically adjust the angle with respect to the axis of the electron beam along which the view of the area being welded is to be observed. A transparent disc, which may be rotated step by step about its central axis in approximately 30.degree. increments is mounted so that a portion of its surface near its periphery is interposed in the viewing path so as to shield the optical parts of the viewing system from the vapors and radiations which are generated during the electron beam welding process. A means for illuminating only the area on the work surface which is to be viewed is also provided with a similar shielding means.

Abstract: A vertical shell and tube heat exchanger in which the tubes extend through oversized holes in a liquid distribution plate. Liquid flows through the holes and down each tube exterior surface as a falling film. A spacer or clip, desirably of wire, is placed in each hole around each tube to center the tube so that the film has a uniform thickness. The clip is self-locking and remains fixed securely in position.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of cooling and condensing exhaust steam from a power plant which rejects heat to air and uses a peak shaving water based cooling system to supplement a primary cooling system. During regeneration of the cooling water, which is heated during peak shaving, the hot water is fed directly to the boiler.