Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for estimating the peak bit rate for content and specifying the BANDWIDTH tag value for HLS content. This disclosure also describes techniques by which live content and VOD content can be stitched together in a way that harmonizes the different requirements for the BANDWIDTH tag for the different types of content.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for minimization of video re-buffering using local animation are disclosed. A client device stores a portion of a video stream into a video buffer and displays the portion on a display. The stream is received from a media streaming system via one or more networks. The client device discontinues displaying the video stream. The client device generates a visualization of metadata that is displayed on the display while the video stream is not displayed. While the visualization of metadata is displayed on the display, the client device stores a newer portion of the video stream in the video buffer. The client device discontinues displaying the visualization of metadata and resumes displaying the video stream on the display.

Abstract: A video packaging and origination service can include one or more encoder components that receive content for encoding and transmitting to requesting entities. Responsive to a request for content, an encoder can be configured with a set of adjustable parameters that depend on the specific format of encoding. To implement watermarking, the encoder dynamically modifies or biases one or more of the parameter values such that the modified parameter values can represent watermarking data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for estimating the peak bit rate for content and specifying the BANDWIDTH tag value for HLS content. This disclosure also describes techniques by which live content and VOD content can be stitched together in a way that harmonizes the different requirements for the BANDWIDTH tag for the different types of content.

Abstract: Methods for producing fragments of a food product are disclosed. The method includes providing an amount of a formable food product, dividing a single input flow of the formable food product into multiple output streams, extruding the formable food product through an orifice to form strands and cutting the strands of formable food product into pieces. The method may be used be used to produce fragments of cheese that have an appearance similar to cheese that has been shredded. A method is also disclosed for applying the fragments of food product to a base food product, such as a sandwich or pizza.