Abstract: A method of fabricating an integrated circuit includes placing a first set of conductive feature patterns on a first level, placing a second set of conductive feature patterns on a second level, placing a first set of via patterns between the second set of conductive feature patterns and the first set of conductive feature patterns, placing a third set of conductive feature patterns on a third level different from the first level and the second level, placing a second set of via patterns between the third set of conductive feature patterns and the second set of conductive feature patterns, and manufacturing the integrated circuit based on at least one of the above patterns of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method of estimating a d-q axis inductance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor includes the following steps. First, building an equivalent motor control block through enabling two of the three phases, and disabling the remaining one of the three phases, and locking a rotor. Afterward, incorporating a back EMF observer into a DC motor control block, and making the DC motor control block correspond to the back EMF observer by commanding an angular speed of the DC motor control block to be zero. Afterward, introducing the equivalent motor control block into the DC motor control block, and using the back EMF observer to estimate the back EMF, and repeating above steps taking turns to disable one phase so as to obtain three sets of motor inductances respectively. Finally, estimating the d-q axis inductance by introducing the three sets of equivalent motor inductances into an inductance relational equation.

Abstract: A method of estimating a d-q axis inductance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor includes the following steps. First, building an equivalent motor control block through enabling two of the three phases, and disabling the remaining one of the three phases, and locking a rotor. Afterward, incorporating a back EMF observer into a DC motor control block, and making the DC motor control block correspond to the back EMF observer by commanding an angular speed of the DC motor control block to be zero. Afterward, introducing the equivalent motor control block into the DC motor control block, and using the back EMF observer to estimate the back EMF, and repeating above steps taking turns to disable one phase so as to obtain three sets of motor inductances respectively. Finally, estimating the d-q axis inductance by introducing the three sets of equivalent motor inductances into an inductance relational equation.

Abstract: A motor deceleration method for a motor driving system is provided. The motor driving system outputs a driving signal containing a voltage value, a current value and a frequency value for driving a motor. When a deceleration of the motor is launched, the descent speeds of the voltage value and the frequency value are controlled according to a preset deceleration time period. Then, a voltage compensation value is generated according to a result of comparing the current value with a preset current level, and the voltage value is increased according to the voltage compensation value, so that the current value is increased to the preset current level. According to a frequency compensation value, the current value is increased to and maintained at the preset current level. Finally, the rotating speed of the motor is gradually decreased to a preset speed.

Abstract: A motor deceleration method for a motor driving system is provided. The motor driving system outputs a driving signal containing a voltage value, a current value and a frequency value for driving a motor. When a deceleration of the motor is launched, the descent speeds of the voltage value and the frequency value are controlled according to a preset deceleration time period. Then, a voltage compensation value is generated according to a result of comparing the current value with a preset current level, and the voltage value is increased according to the voltage compensation value, so that the current value is increased to the preset current level. According to a frequency compensation value, the current value is increased to and maintained at the preset current level. Finally, the rotating speed of the motor is gradually decreased to a preset speed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a motor deceleration method which is applied to a motor driving apparatus. The motor driving apparatus includes an energy-storing unit and a controlling unit, and outputs a driving signal to control the motor. The controlling unit controls a driving frequency of the driving signal. The driving deceleration method includes following steps of controlling the driving frequency to zero; increasing the driving frequency in a linear way by using the controlling unit; detecting whether a terminal voltage difference of the energy-storing unit is increased to a preset voltage value, and if yes, adjusting the driving signal to keep the terminal voltage difference at the preset voltage value; and reducing the driving frequency continuously to decelerate the motor.

Abstract: A dead-time compensation method is applied to a PWM inverter, which is provided to drive an induction motor using a constant V/f control. The method first calculates a root-mean-square current of the output instantaneous current of the inverter. Afterward, a lookup table of the root-mean-square current is used to obtain a dead-time compensation base voltage and a dead-time compensation per-unit voltage. Finally, the dead-time compensation base voltage is multiplied by the dead-time compensation per-unit voltage to produce a dead-time compensation voltage of the PWM inverter. Accordingly, the method reduces complexity of converting the current to the voltage to reach a faster real-time response. Furthermore, a more accurate dead-time compensation voltage is obtained without increasing hardware costs and the efficiency of operating the induction motor is improved at low speed and light load condition.

Abstract: A method of detecting an output phase loss (OPHL) for a motor drive detects an abnormal OPHL operation when at least one phase of a three-phase current is continually zero. Each phase of the three-phase current is acquired, sampled, filtered, and compared. Hence, a corresponding zero-current counter value is continually added, and a corresponding abnormal current value is set as logic 1 when a zero-phase current of the three-phase current is continually zero. Finally, an OPHL certified value is set as logic 1 to confirm that the motor driver is operated in the abnormal OPHL operation. Therefore, a direct-current and an alternating-current OPHL can be detected before and after the motor driver is operated, respectively.

Abstract: A dead-time compensation method is applied to a PWM inverter, which is provided to drive an induction motor using a constant V/f control. The method first calculates a root-mean-square current of the output instantaneous current of the inverter. Afterward, a lookup table of the root-mean-square current is used to obtain a dead-time compensation base voltage and a dead-time compensation per-unit voltage. Finally, the dead-time compensation base voltage is multiplied by the dead-time compensation per-unit voltage to produce a dead-time compensation voltage of the PWM inverter. Accordingly, the method reduces complexity of converting the current to the voltage to reach a faster real-time response. Furthermore, a more accurate dead-time compensation voltage is obtained without increasing hardware costs and the efficiency of operating the induction motor is improved at low speed and light load condition.

Abstract: A method of detecting an output phase loss (OPHL) for a motor drive detects an abnormal OPHL operation when at lease one phase of a three-phase current is continually zero. Each phase of the three-phase current is acquired, sampled, filtered, and compared. Hence, a corresponding zero-current counter value is continually added, and a corresponding abnormal current value is set as logic 1 when a zero-phase current of the three-phase current is continually zero. Finally, an OPHL certified value is set as logic 1 to confirm that the motor driver is operated in the abnormal OPHL operation. Therefore, a direct-current and an alternating-current OPHL can be detected before and after the motor driver is operated, respectively.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus has an adaptable high-resolution voltage-to-frequency (V/f) control. The inverter apparatus receives an analog input signal and includes a first circuit, a second circuit, a third circuit, and a micro-controller unit. The first circuit processes a small-signal portion of the analog input signal with a larger voltage gain. The second and the third circuit both processes large-signal portions of the analog input signal with smaller voltage gains respectively. The three processed analog input signals of the first, the second, and the third circuits are converted into three digital output values respectively. The largest digital output value is selected by the micro-controller unit and supplied to a frequency operation unit for generating a corresponding output frequency.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus has an adaptable high-resolution voltage-to-frequency (V/f) control. The inverter apparatus receives an analog input signal and includes a first circuit, a second circuit, a third circuit, and a micro-controller unit. The first circuit processes a small-signal portion of the analog input signal with a larger voltage gain. The second and the third circuit both processes large-signal portions of the analog input signal with smaller voltage gains respectively. The three processed analog input signals of the first, the second, and the third circuits are converted into three digital output values respectively. The largest digital output value is selected by the micro-controller unit and supplied to a frequency operation unit for generating a corresponding output frequency.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of detecting the phase-loss state of the three-phase power supply. When the phase-loss condition occurs in the input three-phase power supply of the power converter, it is determined whether the three-phase power source is in the phase-loss state through the characteristic of the frequency and amplitude variations of the ripple voltage of the DC bus, and through the sampling and the continuous detecting of the ripple voltage variations by making use of the sensor of the power converter in cooperation with the software calculation, it is determined whether the three-phase power source is in a phase-loss state. When the detected ripple voltage of the DC bus fulfills the phase-loss conditions, it is determined that the three-phase power source is in a phase-loss state.

Abstract: A controlling method of a motor state described herein detects the motor operation in a regeneration state or a motor state. The output frequency value of an AC motor drive is calculated and adjusted to stabilize the voltage of a DC bus such that over-voltage protection is avoided. Therefore, a stable load current is obtained and the time for slowing down the motor is shortened.

Abstract: A controlling method of a motor state described herein detects the motor operation in a regeneration state or a motor state. The output frequency value of an AC motor drive is calculated and adjusted to stabilize the voltage of a DC bus such that over-voltage protection is avoided. Therefore, a stable load current is obtained and the time for slowing down the motor is shortened.

Abstract: A method of balancing the rotation of a motor is provided. Whether or not the motor is in a balanced rotation is determined by detecting whether the variation of a power-factor angle is less than or equal to a preset balance angle according to the principle that the load on a motor has an effect on the variation of the power-factor angle. The determined balance state of the motor is used to adjust the rotation speed of the motor.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of detecting the phase-loss state of the three-phase power supply. When the phase-loss condition occurs in the input three-phase power supply of the power converter, it is determined whether the three-phase power source is in the phase-loss state through the characteristic of the frequency and amplitude variations of the ripple voltage of the DC bus, and through the sampling and the continuous detecting of the ripple voltage variations by making use of the sensor of the power converter in cooperation with the software calculation, it is determined whether the three-phase power source is in a phase-loss state. When the detected ripple voltage of the DC bus fulfills the phase-loss conditions, it is determined that the three-phase power source is in a phase-loss state.

Abstract: A method of balancing the rotation of a motor is provided. Whether or not the motor is in a balanced rotation is determined by detecting whether the variation of a power-factor angle is less than or equal to a preset balance angle according to the principle that the load on a motor has an effect on the variation of the power-factor angle. The determined balance state of the motor is used to adjust the rotation speed of the motor.