Abstract: A friction-flow piercing apparatus for piercing very deep and fine holes is described, that relies on a novel support method for the piercing means. An apparatus for monitoring during the piercing process to determine the electrical properties gradient of the substrate is further described, particularly for meltable dielectric such as plastic industrial equipment. A permanently installed piercing means may function as a permanent test site.

Abstract: Improvements to a device as previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,219,397 wherein an elastic cord is attached to a pre-existing flexible linear structure such as a wire, tube, or rope to deform the structure and impart elastic handling properties. The improvements include features necessary for the effective manufacture and use of the device.

Abstract: A device wherein an elastic cord is attached to a pre-existing flexible linear structure such as a wire, tube or non-elastic cordage in order to deform the structure and impart elastic handling properties of a common curly cord. The resulting assembly is a foreshortened version of the linear structure that is axially elastic and therefore easier to handle, store and use. The preferred method involves creating attachments between one or more stretched elastic cords and a linear structure at close intervals along the structure, such that when the elastic is allowed to retract, it pulls the linear structure into a series of loops or bends.