Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses for attaching devices to ends of a circuit board. An exemplary method includes removing or creating at least a portion of a sacrificial part of a circuit board based on a predefined pattern, inserting a holder device into a remaining portion of the sacrificial part of the circuit board, placing a device at a predefined location on the circuit board, wherein the device is at least partially supported by a portion of the holder device, attaching the device to the circuit board and removing the holder device and the sacrificial part of the circuit board.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses for attaching devices to ends of a circuit board. An exemplary method includes removing or creating at least a portion of a sacrificial part of a circuit board based on a predefined pattern, inserting a holder device into a remaining portion of the sacrificial part of the circuit board, placing a device at a predefined location on the circuit board, wherein the device is at least partially supported by a portion of the holder device, attaching the device to the circuit board and removing the holder device and the sacrificial part of the circuit board.

Abstract: An audio frequency recovery—DC restorer circuit after demodulation that includes an operational amplifier, a diode, a capacitor and resistor circuitry arranged to supply a reference voltage signal Vref to the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier is also coupled with a demodulated audio frequency baseband signal via the capacitor. The demodulated audio frequency baseband signal is in a filtered condition free of high frequency noise that may otherwise affect quality and having an average voltage Vavg at a level.