Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a rolling bearing which is increased in rolling fatigue life when used with a lubricant contaminated by foreign matters, and which is improved in wear resistance and in seizure resistance. In a rolling bearing, at least one of the inner race, outer race and rolling elements thereof is made of an alloy steel which contains 0.10 to 1.0 wt of C, 0.50 to 3.0 wt % of Cr, 0.10 to 2.0 wt % of Mo, 0.15 to 1.0 wt % of Si, 0.20 to 1.5 wt % of Mn, and 0.2 to 1.0 wt % of Ni, and which is carbo-nitrided so that the sum (C+N) of the contents of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the surface layer thereof is 1.0 to 2.0%, and the ratio (N/C) of the content of nitrogen (N) to the content of carbon (C) is 0.8 to 2.0.