Abstract: A shoe of the present invention comprises a sole, a flexible bladder, and a cushioning material. The sole has a recess configured to receive the flexible bladder. The flexible bladder has interior surface portions defining at least one chamber. The chamber includes a first region and a second region. A cushioning material occupies the first region and a compressible fluid occupies the second region. The compressible fluid provides a primary elastic response to an external pressure applied to an external surface of the bladder through compression of the compressible fluid. The cushioning material, elastically deformable but generally incompressible, provides a secondary elastic response to the external pressure applied to the external surface of the bladder through elastic deformation of the cushioning material.