Abstract: A turbocharger includes a turbine, a compressor, and a bearing housing forming a bearing bore. A bearing arrangement is disposed between a shaft interconnecting the turbine and compressor wheels, and the bearing housing. The bearing arrangement engages the bearing housing along first, second, third and further squeeze film diameters (SFDs) such that the first SFD is different than the third SFD, the first SFD is equal to the second SFD, and the third SFD is equal to the fourth SFD.

Abstract: A system and method for charging and thus extending the life of an electrical storage device is disclosed. The system provides for developing an essentialized cell model structure of the electrical storage device; determining model parameters for charge-discharge data of the structure; and determining charge-discharge behavior of the structure in a voltage-charge plane. The method also includes measuring voltage values of the structure based upon the charge-discharge behavior; and deriving an instantaneous damage rate from the measured voltage values. The method further includes developing a charging profile based upon the instantaneous damage rate, wherein the charging profile optimizes a charging current with respect to the damage per cycle so as to extend the overall life of the electrical storage device. The method also includes the ability of the system to track the parameters of the electrical storage device as the device changes with time.

Abstract: A system and method for charging and thus extending the life of an electrical storage device is disclosed. The system provides for developing an essentialized cell model structure of the electrical storage device; determining model parameters for charge-discharge data of the structure; and determining charge-discharge behavior of the structure in a voltage-charge plane. The method also includes measuring voltage values of the structure based upon the charge-discharge behavior; and deriving an instantaneous damage rate from the measured voltage values. The method further includes developing a charging profile based upon the instantaneous damage rate, wherein the charging profile optimizes a charging current with respect to the damage per cycle so as to extend the overall life of the electrical storage device. The method also includes the ability of the system to track the parameters of the electrical storage device as the device changes with time.

Abstract: A new hybrid modeling approach was developed for galvanic devices including batteries and fuel cells. The new approach reduces the complexity of the First Principles method and adds a physical basis to the empirical methods. The resulting general model includes all the processes that affect the terminal behavior of the galvanic devices. The first step of the new model development was to build a physics-based structure or framework that reflects the important physiochemical processes and mechanisms of a galvanic device. Thermodynamics, electrode kinetics, mass transport and electrode interfacial structure of an electrochemical cell were considered and included in the model. Each process of the cell is represented by a clearly-defined and familiar electrical component, resulting in an equivalent circuit model for the galvanic device. The second step was to develop a parameter identification procedure that correlates the device response data to the parameters of the components in the model.