Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating force from the thermal motion of gas molecules impacting on an article, such as, a plate. It utilizes different surface of the plate, thereby creating differential force between the two different surfaces under the impact of thermal motion of gas molecules around the article. One of the two surfaces is a high loss surface, and the other is a low loss surface so that the article so treated may produce the differential force between two surfaces of the article through the impact of the thermal motion of the gas molecules around the article. Therefore, the differential force between the two surfaces is generated passively through the high loss surface with respect to the other low loss surface of the article.

Abstract: A splash-prevention paper that is to be used in a toilet bowl to suppress the splash of soil water when the feces fall into the toilet bowl during the bowel movement. The splash-prevention paper of the present invention is a paper-like thin sheet. It may be folded or be in rolls for easy to handle before application. In the application, the splash-prevention paper floats on and covers the major portion of the water surface in the toilet bowl. It has plurality of floating arms, which allows the feces to pass, meanwhile, maintains an effective coverage of the water surface.

Abstract: A splash-prevention paper that is to be used in a toilet bowl to suppress the splash of soil water when the feces fall into the toilet bowl during the bowel movement. The splash-prevention paper of the present invention is a paper-like thin sheet. It may be folded or be in rolls for easy to handle before application. In the application, the splash-prevention paper floats on and covers the major portion of the water surface in the toilet bowl. It has plurality of floating arms, which allows the feces to pass, meanwhile, maintains an effective coverage of the water surface.

Abstract: An optical beam steering device for steering a beam of light includes a first window having a common electrode, a second window having a plurality of control electrodes, and a layer of electro-optical material intermediate the first and second windows. The common electrode, the control electrodes, and the electro-optical material form an array of phase shifters within the optical array. Each phase shifter has a width substantially greater than a wavelength of the beam of light. Also included is a means for establishing an effective position of the phase shifters so that a single beam of light of peak intensity exits the optical array where the single beam of light is steerable through a predetermined angle.