Abstract: A beam splitter, a first polarizing plate and a quarterwave plate are provided in that order on the optical axis of an image formation lens between an image formation plane and an objective lens. The first polarizing plate comprises a non-polarizing region for transmitting illuminating light and reflected light and a polarizing region provided to enclose the non-polarizing region for transmitting the illuminating light but limiting the reflected light which is rendered out of phase with the illuminating light by the quarterwave plate. Thus, the angular aperture of the illuminating light can be increased and an irradiated plane can be observed with no hindrance even if the same is inferior in flatness, while illuminance of the irradiated plane can be sufficiently ensured. At the same time, the angular aperture of the objective lens can be reduced, and the depth of focus Q is increased.

Abstract: A binarized image data group of an inspected object for a plurality of pixels arrayed in the sub-scanning direction is sequentially created in order along the main scanning direction to determine whether or not the pattern of an inputted image corresponds to a standard through-hole pattern on the basis of the binarized image data group. When the determination is of yes, through-hole diameter masking data are sequentially created in order along the main scanning direction to sequentially perform masking processing on the binarized image data group of the inspected object arrayed in the sub-scanning direction. Thus, the through-hole pattern is automatically detected to be subjected to masking processing, whereby an inspected object having through-holes can be inspected by a pattern matching method.

Abstract: A one-way reducing and enlarging printer to print a reduced or enlarged image in one direction onto a photosensitive material comprising a photosensitive material holder to mount the photosensitive material, a negative holder having a light transmissive property to mount a negative at a position opposite to the photosensitive material, a light source, a douser having a slit opening and placed between the light source and the negative, and control device to control relative motion among the photosensitive material holder, the negative holder, and the douser by the signals from a signal generating device.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and device for automatically controlling the time period of photographic development for each specific combination of a photographic developer and a photosensitive material for the purpose of obtaining a substantially same or optimum photographic development result at various temperatures. Through utilization of the knowledge of a certain relation between the time period of photographic development and the temperature of the photographic developer which will produce a same photographic development result, the time period of photographic development is adjusted, for instance, by changing the speed of a conveyor carrying the photosensitive material through the photographic developer. The mentioned relationship may not be always expressed by a linear function with a desired accuracy but may be approximated with a desired accuracy by means of various mathematical functions such as polynomials and irrational functions.

Abstract: In a measurement device of photographic density of a film wherein a light source is provided on one side over a film carrier route and a plurality of light receiving elements for converting transmitted light of a film emitted from the said light source to an electrical signal are provided on the counter side of the light source forming a line, a device for measuring photographic density of the film comprising a means for obtaining a rate of change in the form of a ratio between a reference signal decided beforehand for each of the light receiving elements and an output signal of the light receiving elements when the film is carried, and a means for obtaining photographic density of the film in accordance with the obtained ratio.