Abstract: Methods and arrangements for detecting osteoarthritis (OA) relate to image processing for enhancing, visualizing and quantifying the fibrillation structure of cartilage using endoscopes. A structure enhancement method comprises obtaining input data, conversion to intensity data, preprocess filtering, intensity fluctuation filtering and contrast enhancement. The degeneration is quantified by a degeneration index (DI) algorithm, applied to the structure enhanced image. Results are then compiled in an output frame presentation.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for imaging and/or measuring tissue qualities, such as tissue thickness, tissue surface roughness and degree of tissue fiber linearization. The arrangement includes at least one light generating element, at least one light detecting element, a probe with an extension, and possibly a control apparatus including a signal processor for processing the detected signals and/or images. The extension is designed to convey light from the light generating element to the tissue for visualization and/or measurement. The extension is also designed to convey light back-scattered from the tissue to the light detecting element. The detecting element is designed to measure the intensity and/or spatial distribution of light back-scattered from the tissue.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for imaging and/or measuring tissue qualities, such as tissue thickness, tissue surface roughness and degree of tissue fiber linearization. The arrangement includes at least one light generating element, at least one light detecting element, a probe with an extension, and possibly a control apparatus including a signal processor for processing the detected signals and/or images. The extension is designed to convey light from the light generating element to the tissue for visualization and/or measurement. The extension is also designed to convey light back-scattered from the tissue to the light detecting element. The detecting element is designed to measure the intensity and/or spatial distribution of light back-scattered from the tissue.

Abstract: Plug means (10, 18) for lockable sealing of a passage opening with a support surface (19) intended for positioning the plug means. Simple lockability and demountability are brought about by virtue of the plug means comprising a sealing plug (15) for interaction with the sides of the passage opening, a retaining means (12), connected to the sealing plug, for interaction with a hook means (20) connected to the passage, and a flexible resilient connecting element (14) between the sealing plug and the retaining means.

Abstract: Plug means (10, 18) for lockable sealing of a passage opening with a support surface (19) intended for positioning the plug means. Simple lockability and demountability are brought about by virtue of the plug means comprising a sealing plug (15) for interaction with the sides of the passage opening, a retaining means (129), connected to the sealing plug, for interaction with a hook means (20) connected to the passage, and a flexible resilient connecting element (149) between the sealing plug and the retaining means.