Abstract: A multi-layer ceramic electronic component includes: a ceramic body including a main surface, an end surface, and a side surface respectively perpendicular to a first axis, a second axis, and a third axis orthogonal to one another, a top portion that connects the main surface, the end surface, and the side surface to one another, and a plurality of internal electrodes laminated in a direction of the first axis; and an end external electrode including a corner portion located on the top portion, a base portion that covers the end surface and extends from the end surface to the main surface and the side surface, and a protrusion that protrudes from the base portion in a thickness direction, the protrusion including an L-shaped main surface protrusion located on the main surface and extending in directions of the second axis and the third axis from the corner portion.

Abstract: A turbocharger-equipped internal combustion engine includes an exhaust turbine, an exhaust filter, a differential pressure detector, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to control the internal combustion engine such that accumulation amount of a particulate matter in the exhaust filter is regulated. The electronic control unit is configured to control the internal combustion engine such that the accumulation amount of the particulate matter in the exhaust filter is increased, when the pressure difference detected by the differential pressure detector is a lower limit or less. The electronic control unit is configured to set the lower limit such that the lower limit becomes a higher value as the atmospheric pressure detected by the atmospheric pressure sensor becomes lower.

Abstract: A diagnosis device for a turbocharger, the diagnosis device includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to calculate a turbine expansion ratio as a ratio of a pressure of the exhaust gas flowing into a turbine of the turbocharger to the pressure of the exhaust gas flowing out from the turbine; operate a deterioration evaluation value toward a predetermined one of an increase side and a decrease side when the turbine expansion ratio exceeds a threshold; and determine a replacement timing of a turbine component when a total operation amount of the deterioration evaluation is equal to or larger than a specified value, the total operation amount being an operation amount from an initial value of the deterioration evaluation value.

Abstract: A turbocharger-equipped internal combustion engine includes an exhaust turbine, an exhaust filter, a differential pressure detector, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to control the internal combustion engine such that accumulation amount of a particulate matter in the exhaust filter is regulated. The electronic control unit is configured to control the internal combustion engine such that the accumulation amount of the particulate matter in the exhaust filter is increased, when the pressure difference detected by the differential pressure detector is a lower limit or less. The electronic control unit is configured to set the lower limit such that the lower limit becomes a higher value as the atmospheric pressure detected by the atmospheric pressure sensor becomes lower.

Abstract: In a body fluid analyzer, a body fluid extracting unit for holding medicine to promote discharge of body fluid and collecting body fluid is arranged at a lower surface of a body fluid collecting chip. A body fluid discharge promoting medicine storage unit is connected to a medicine injecting hole formed in the body fluid collecting chip. A test unit is arranged in the body fluid collecting chip, and the body fluid extracting unit and the test unit are connected by a body fluid feeding path. A discarding body fluid storage unit is connected to the exit of the body fluid feeding path. A medicine supplying mechanism including a pump is operatively connected.

Abstract: A metal layer 13 made of Au or the like is formed on the upper surface of a transparent substrate 12. Dielectric layers 14a, 14b and 14c with different thicknesses are formed on the upper surface of the metal layer 13 (any one of the dielectric layers can have a thickness of 0) to form respective determination areas 15a, 15b and 15c. Further, different types of antibodies 22a, 22b and 22c are fixed on the upper surfaces of the respective dielectric layers 14a, 14b and 14c. Then, light is directed to the determination areas 15a, 15b and 15c, then signals of light reflected by the determination areas 15a, 15b and 15c are received, the light is dispersed, and analyses are performed on signals resulted from the light dispersion to detect the conditions of the surfaces of the respective determination areas, at the same time.

Abstract: The metal fine particles 33 are sparsely fixed on the surface of the transparent substrate 32, and the acceptor 35 for attaching the specific ligand is immobilized on the transparent substrate 32 or the metal fine particles 33. The prism 36 is closely attached to the lower surface of the transparent substrate 32, and the excitation light enters the transparent substrate 32 through the prism 36. The incident light is totally reflected at the surface of the transparent substrate 32, and the evanescent light generated at the surface and the metal fine particles 33 locally plasmon resonate. As the evanescent light and the metal fine particles locally plasmon resonate, a strong electric field is enclosed in the vicinity of the metal fine particles.

Abstract: A sensor chip has a metal layer formed on a surface of a substrate, where a plurality of microscopic concave part is formed in a measurement region of the surface of the metal layer. When light of linear polarization is irradiated onto the measurement region, local resonance electric field generates at opposing metal layer surfaces in the concave part. The reflected light thereof is received to measure reflectance. The light of linear polarization is irradiated so that the polarizing surface becomes orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the concave part.

Abstract: A surface plasmon sensor includes a light guide reflection plate, a surface plasmon resonance layer formed on a first surface of the light guide reflection plate, a light emitting unit having a light source disposed on an end surface of the light guide reflection plate, and a light receiving element. The surface plasmon resonance layer includes a metal layer. The light guide reflection plate includes at least one first reflection surface inclined against the first surface. The light guide reflection plate is configured to transmit light emitted by the light source. The at least one first reflection surface is configured reflect the light to the surface plasmon resonance layer. The metal layer is configured to reflect the light reflected by the at least one first reflection surface. The light receiving element is configured to receive the light reflected by the metal layer.

Abstract: A metal layer 13 made of Au or the like is formed on the upper surface of a transparent substrate 12. Dielectric layers 14a, 14b and 14c with different thicknesses are formed on the upper surface of the metal layer 13 (any one of the dielectric layers can have a thickness of 0) to form respective determination areas 15a, 15b and 15c. Further, different types of antibodies 22a, 22b and 22c are fixed on the upper surfaces of the respective dielectric layers 14a, 14b and 14c. Then, light is directed to the determination areas 15a, 15b and 15c, then signals of light reflected by the determination areas 15a, 15b and 15c are received, the light is dispersed, and analyses are performed on signals resulted from the light dispersion to detect the conditions of the surfaces of the respective determination areas, at the same time.

Abstract: A method of mass-producing minute structures such as biochips, protein chips, quantum dots, and quantum chips involves arranging an antigen two-dimensionally on a board and arranging probes two-dimensionally facing the same direction so that the binding sites of the probes may bind to the antigen. An inorganic substance such as Ni is deposited on the board from the upper side of the probes by sputtering or evaporation to form a thin film layer and on the top surface of the flatly formed thin film layer, a supporting layer is formed by separating out the same inorganic substance using electrotyping. Then, by peeling the thin film layer and the supporting layer off of the board together, the mother stamper having cavities for the patterns of biomolecules is obtained.

Abstract: A sensor chip has a metal layer formed on a surface of a substrate, where a plurality of microscopic concave part is formed in a measurement region of the surface of the metal layer. When light of linear polarization is irradiated onto the measurement region, local resonance electric field generates at opposing metal layer surfaces in the concave part. The reflected light thereof is received to measure reflectance. The light of linear polarization is irradiated so that the polarizing surface becomes orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the concave part.

Abstract: At both ends of a waveguide 43 having a plurality of cores 51, light emitting elements 47 and light receiving elements 49 are disposed so as to face end faces of the cores 51. A switch 44 is overlapped over the waveguide 43. In the switch 44, switching windows 52 each can be switched between a state where light propagating through the core 51 is passed and a state where the light is reflected are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the switching windows 52 are arranged along the top faces of the cores 51. A test board 45 having a plurality of channels 60 in each of which a metallic thin film 61 is formed is disposed over the switch 44, and receptors 62 are fixed on the metallic thin film 61 in the channels 60. A specimen containing a specific ligand is passed in each of the channels 60.

Abstract: In a surface plasmon resonance sensor including a chip with a substrate 102 and a metal layer 103, a prism 104, an optical system 105 serving as a light source, and a light detector 106, the metal layer 103 is configured by a flat part 109 formed into a thin film, and convex parts formed from metal particles 110 and the like arranged spaced apart from each other. When light enters the metal layer 103 of such configuration, resonance angle arising from the flat part 109 and the convex parts are respectively obtained. The change in index of refraction of a medium contacted by the metal layer is detected from such resonance angle.

Abstract: The metal fine particles 33 are sparsely fixed on the surface of the transparent substrate 32, and the acceptor 35 for attaching the specific ligand is immobilized on the transparent substrate 32 or the metal fine particles 33. The prism 36 is closely attached to the lower surface of the transparent substrate 32, and the excitation light enters the transparent substrate 32 through the prism 36. The incident light is totally reflected at the surface of the transparent substrate 32, and the evanescent light generated at the surface and the metal fine particles 33 locally plasmon resonate. As the evanescent light and the metal fine particles locally plasmon resonate, a strong electric field is enclosed in the vicinity of the metal fine particles.

Abstract: A substrate for immobilizing biomolecules comprises a chip substrate, a hydrophilic monolayer, and a lipid bilayer, and a biochip comprising the substrate for immobilizing biomolecules on which biomolecules are immobilized. The substrate for immobilizing biomolecules includes a transparent chip substrate, a metal layer provided on the chip substrate, a monolayer provided on the metal layer, and a lipid bilayer provided on the monolayer. The metal layer is composed of fine particles of Au, the monolayer is composed of self-assembled molecules represented by X—(CH2)n—OH (where X is a thiol group), and the lipid bilayer is composed of self-assembled phospholipids. The monolayer and the lipid bilayer are relatively flexibly bound together via hydrogen bonds. In the biochip, a receptor is immobilized on the lipid bilayer via a biorecognition molecule.

Abstract: At both ends of a waveguide 43 having a plurality of cores 51, light emitting elements 47 and light receiving elements 49 are disposed so as to face end faces of the cores 51. A switch 44 is overlapped over the waveguide 43. In the switch 44, switching windows 52 each can be switched between a state where light propagating through the core 51 is passed and a state where the light is reflected are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the switching windows 52 are arranged along the top faces of the cores 51. A test board 45 having a plurality of channels 60 in each of which a metallic thin film 61 is formed is disposed over the switch 44, and receptors 62 are fixed on the metallic thin film 61 in the channels 60. A specimen containing a specific ligand is passed in each of the channels 60.

Abstract: A reflector used for a display device has a plurality of unit reflecting portions. The unit reflecting portions are arranged by repeating arrangement patterns of unit regions. The unit regions have a repetition pitch that is integral times the pitch of pixels of a liquid crystal display and more than 5000 ?m. More preferably, the repetition pitch of unit regions is integral times the pitch of pixels of a liquid crystal display and more than 10000 ?m.

Abstract: Components, apparatus, and method for detecting emission signals from target molecules include a substrate having a plurality of pixel locations on a surface, each location including at least one target molecule; a reflecting plate disposed opposite a side of the substrate having the pixel location; and a lens array disposed between the substrate and the reflecting plate, including the first lens array on the substrate side, a medium layer, and the second lens array on the reflecting plate side. Each lens of the second lens array has its focus on each lens of the first lens array, and the first lens array and the second lens array focus into an image of each of the at least one target molecule on the reflecting plate.

Abstract: A method of mass-producing minute structures such as biochips, protein chips, quantum dots, and quantum chips involves arranging an antigen two-dimensionally on a board and arranging probes two-dimensionally facing the same direction so that the binding sites of the probes may bind to the antigen. An inorganic substance such as Ni is deposited on the board from the upper side of the probes by sputtering or evaporation to form a thin film layer and on the top surface of the flatly formed thin film layer, a supporting layer is formed by separating out the same inorganic substance using electrotyping. Then, by peeling the thin film layer and the supporting layer off of the board together, the mother stamper having cavities for the patterns of biomolecules is obtained.