Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image formation unit configured to form an image on a recording material, a conveyance unit configured to convey a recording material, an irradiation unit configured to emit light onto the recording material being conveyed by the conveyance unit, an image capturing unit configured to capture the light emitted by the irradiation unit and reflected from the recording material as a surface image of the recording material, and a control unit configured to control an image forming condition of the image formation unit based on the surface image of the recording material acquired by the image capturing unit, wherein the control unit controls the image forming condition based on a plurality of surface images of the recording material having different resolutions.

Abstract: A receiving circuit includes a deserializer circuit configured to convert serial data to parallel data in accordance with an operating clock, a phase difference detection circuit configured to detect a phase difference between the operating clock and the serial data on the basis of the parallel data, a control circuit configured to determine a phase adjustment amount for shifting a phase of the operating clock by 1 bit of the serial data in accordance with a result of integration of the phase difference when a separation of the parallel data output from the deserializer circuit is not logically correct, and a phase interpolator circuit configured to cause the phase of the operating clock to shift by the 1 bit of the serial data by using the phase adjustment amount in accordance with the result of the integration of the phase difference.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image formation unit configured to form an image on a recording material, a conveyance unit configured to convey a recording material, an irradiation unit configured to emit light onto the recording material being conveyed by the conveyance unit, an image capturing unit configured to capture the light emitted by the irradiation unit and reflected from the recording material as a surface image of the recording material, and a control unit configured to control an image forming condition of the image formation unit based on the surface image of the recording material acquired by the image capturing unit, wherein the control unit controls the image forming condition based on a plurality of surface images of the recording material having different resolutions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image formation unit configured to form an image on a recording material, a conveyance unit configured to convey a recording material, an irradiation unit configured to emit light onto the recording material being conveyed by the conveyance unit, an image capturing unit configured to capture the light emitted by the irradiation unit and reflected from the recording material as a surface image of the recording material, and a control unit configured to control an image forming condition of the image formation unit based on the surface image of the recording material acquired by the image capturing unit, wherein the control unit controls the image forming condition based on a plurality of surface images of the recording material having different resolutions.

Abstract: In order to provide a dispersion method and a dispersion apparatus capable of mixing a material to be processed and a dispersion medium having no affinity with each other using a single apparatus without using a dispersant, there are provided a quantitative supply mechanism quantitatively supplying a material to be processed, a suction stirring mechanism primarily including a suction stirring pump in which the material to be processed and a dispersion medium are subjected to negative pressure suction by a negative pressure suction force generated by rotation of a rotating blade and the suctioned material to be processed and the dispersion medium are stirred and mixed by the rotating blade and are allowed to pass through a throttle passage to cause cavitation, and a plasma generating mechanism generating a plasma in bubbles formed due to cavitation in a mixed liquid of the material to be processed and the dispersion medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a conveyance unit, an irradiation unit, an image capturing unit configured to capture a plurality of times the light radiated by the irradiation unit and reflected on the recording material as surface images, an image formation unit, and a control unit, wherein the conveyance unit accelerates or decelerates a conveyance speed of the recording material in at least a part of an image capturing period during which the image capturing unit captures the surface images the plurality of times, and wherein the control unit obtains a feature quantity from a plurality of surface images captured by the image capturing unit and controls the image forming condition based on the obtained feature quantity and a threshold value set according to the conveyance speed of the recording material in the image capturing period.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an image forming unit configured to form an image on a recording material, an illumination unit configured to emit light, an image capturing unit configured to capture light emitted by the illumination unit and reflected by the recording material as a surface image including a plurality of pixels, and a control unit configured to calculate a first feature quantity from a difference of output values of a plurality of pixels arranged in a first direction, and calculate a second feature quantity from a difference of output values of a plurality of pixels arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction in the surface image captured by the image capturing unit, and control an image forming condition of the image forming unit based on the calculated first feature quantity and the calculated second feature quantity.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image formation unit configured to form an image on a recording material, a conveyance unit configured to convey a recording material, an irradiation unit configured to emit light onto the recording material being conveyed by the conveyance unit, an image capturing unit configured to capture the light emitted by the irradiation unit and reflected from the recording material as a surface image of the recording material, and a control unit configured to control an image forming condition of the image formation unit based on the surface image of the recording material acquired by the image capturing unit, wherein the control unit controls the image forming condition based on a plurality of surface images of the recording material having different resolutions.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate, including: reacting 2-aminomalonamide with a compound represented by the following formula [1] in the presence of a carboxylic acid to obtain 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide: wherein, in formula [1], each R independently represents a C1-3 alkyl group; reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide with an acidic compound to obtain a 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or a hydrate thereof; and reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or hydrate thereof with a salt in the presence of an acidic solvent to obtain the 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate.

Abstract: A receiving circuit includes a deserializer circuit configured to convert serial data to parallel data in accordance with an operating clock, a phase difference detection circuit configured to detect a phase difference between the operating clock and the serial data on the basis of the parallel data, a control circuit configured to determine a phase adjustment amount for shifting a phase of the operating clock by 1 bit of the serial data in accordance with a result of integration of the phase difference when a separation of the parallel data output from the deserializer circuit is not logically correct, and a phase interpolator circuit configured to cause the phase of the operating clock to shift by the 1 bit of the serial data by using the phase adjustment amount in accordance with the result of the integration of the phase difference.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate, including: reacting 2-aminomalonamide with a compound represented by the following formula [1] in the presence of a carboxylic acid to obtain 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide: wherein, in formula [1], each R independently represents a C1-3 alkyl group; reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide with an acidic compound to obtain a 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or a hydrate thereof; and reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or hydrate thereof with a salt in the presence of an acidic solvent to obtain the 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate, including: reacting 2-aminomalonamide with a compound represented by the following formula [1] in the presence of a carboxylic acid to obtain 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide: wherein, in formula [1], each R independently represents a C1-3 alkyl group; reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide with an acidic compound to obtain a 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or a hydrate thereof; and reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or hydrate thereof with a salt in the presence of an acidic solvent to obtain the 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate, including: reacting 2-aminomalonamide with a compound represented by the following formula [1] in the presence of a carboxylic acid to obtain 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide: wherein, in formula [1], each R independently represents a C1-3 alkyl group; reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide with an acidic compound to obtain a 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or a hydrate thereof; and reacting the resulting 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide acid salt or hydrate thereof with a salt in the presence of an acidic solvent to obtain the 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.3/4 hydrate.

Abstract: An aqueous composition, for alleviating at least one problem that conventional aqueous cosmetic compositions, includes (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5, a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5 and an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18 and a cross-linked product of an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18; and (B) a water-soluble polymer material. When the water-soluble polymer material (B) is an association type poly(meth)acrylate polymer, a nonionic or cationic cellulose polymer, a poly(meth)acrylic acid polymer or xanthan gum, the aqueous composition exhibits excellent viscosity increase ratio and temporal stability.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous composition that can alleviate at least one of the problems that conventional aqueous compositions for cosmetics have (e.g., insufficient temporal stability, insufficient viscosity increase, being incapable of being used in a variety of pH ranges and being incapable of providing sufficient thixotropy). The aqueous composition for cosmetics includes: (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5, a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5 and an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18 and a cross-linked product of an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18; and (B) a water-soluble polymer material.

Abstract: An aqueous composition, for alleviating at least one problem that conventional aqueous cosmetic compositions, includes (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5, a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5 and an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18 and a cross-linked product of an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18; and (B) a water-soluble polymer material. When the water-soluble polymer material (B) is an association type poly(meth)acrylate polymer, a nonionic or cationic cellulose polymer, a poly(meth)acrylic acid polymer or xanthan gum, the aqueous composition exhibits excellent viscosity increase ratio and temporal stability.

Abstract: A 6-(halomethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazol-3(2H)-one derivative represented by the formula: wherein R5 is a methyl group that is substituted with one or more optionally substituted phenyl groups, or an optionally substituted oxygen-containing heterocyclic group; and X is a halogen atom.

Abstract: There is provided a glass member for optical parts that represents a greater absolute value |?n| of refractive index difference ?n of visual light between base glass and heterogeneous phase region. In the glass member for optical parts, the heterogeneous phase region distinguishable by a different refractive index is formed at an intended location inside a glass by focused irradiation of a pulsed laser. When a multicomponent optical glass of SiO2, Rn2+RO, and TiO2 is used, |?n| of no less than 0.005 can be attained under a lower irradiation intensity. It is suitable for optical parts such as optical low-pass filters, diffractive optical parts, optical diffusion parts, optical filters, lenses and microlens arrays.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a structure capable of obtaining a higher difference in refractive indices between that of a transparent material and that of a cavity, than in the past, and a manufacturing method thereof, and the present invention provides a structure having a transparent material and an internal cavity which is formed by irradiating said transparent material with a pulse laser beam having a pulse width of 10×10?12 seconds or less, and wherein refractive index of said transparent material at d line is nd?1.3.

Abstract: A 6-(halomethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazol-3(2H)-one derivative represented by the formula: wherein R5 is a methyl group that is substituted with one or more optionally substituted phenyl groups, or an optionally substituted oxygen-containing heterocyclic group; and X is a halogen atom.