Abstract: A cellulose ester, wherein, in a structural formula of the following general formula (I), a degree of substitution where X is an acyl group is from 2.91 to 3.0; the acyl group includes benzoyl group (A) optionally having a substituent, and benzoyl group (B) optionally having a substituent different from that of benzoyl group (A); and when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (A) is from 1.5 to 2.9, and a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (B) is from 0.1 to 1.5, wherein all or some of X represents an acyl group; when some of X represents an acyl group, the remainder represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 20 to 20,000.

Abstract: This cellulose acetate has a total degree of acetyl substitution of 1.75 or more and 2.55 or less, and a degree of acetyl substitution at 2-position or a degree of acetyl substitution at 3-position is 0.7 or less. This cellulose acetate composition includes the cellulose acetate and an additive. The additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of (a) substances of which a pH of a 1 wt. % aqueous solution at 20° C. is 8 or more, (b) substances that dissolve in water at 20° C. in an amount of 2 wt. % or more, and (c) substances that exhibit biodegradability in seawater.

Abstract: This cellulose acetate has a total degree of acetyl substitution of 1.75 or more and 2.55 or less, and a degree of acetyl substitution at 2-position or a degree of acetyl substitution at 3-position is 0.7 or less. This cellulose acetate composition includes the cellulose acetate and an additive. The additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of (a) substances of which a pH of a 1 wt. % aqueous solution at 20° C. is 8 or more, (b) substances that dissolve in water at 20° C. in an amount of 2 wt. % or more, and (c) substances that exhibit biodegradability in seawater.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive material dispersion liquid for a lithium-ion secondary battery positive electrode, containing a conductive material, methyl octyl cellulose, and a dispersion medium.

Abstract: This cellulose acetate has a total degree of acetyl substitution of 1.75 or more and 2.55 or less, and a degree of acetyl substitution at 2-position or a degree of acetyl substitution at 3-position is 0.7 or less. This cellulose acetate composition includes the cellulose acetate and an additive. The additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of (a) substances of which a pH of a 1 wt. % aqueous solution at 20° C. is 8 or more, (b) substances that dissolve in water at 20° C. in an amount of 2 wt. % or more, and (c) substances that exhibit biodegradability in seawater.

Abstract: A cellulose ester, wherein, in a structural formula of the following general formula (I), a degree of substitution where X is an acyl group is from 2.91 to 3.0; the acyl group includes benzoyl group (A) optionally having a substituent, and benzoyl group (B) optionally having a substituent different from that of benzoyl group (A); and when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (A) is from 1.5 to 2.9, and a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (B) is from 0.1 to 1.5, wherein all or some of X represents an acyl group; when some of X represents an acyl group, the remainder represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 20 to 20,000.

Abstract: A cellulose ester, wherein, in a structural formula of the following general formula (I), a degree of substitution where X is an acyl group is from 2.91 to 3.0; the acyl group includes benzoyl group (A) optionally having a substituent, and benzoyl group (B) optionally having a substituent different from that of benzoyl group (A); and when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (A) is from 1.5 to 2.9, and a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (B) is from 0.1 to 1.5, wherein all or some of X represents an acyl group; when some of X represents an acyl group, the remainder represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 20 to 20,000.

Abstract: Provided is a semipermeable membrane having a high chlorine resistance. The semipermeable membrane is formed of a cellulose ester, the cellulose ester having an optionally substituted benzoyl group.

Abstract: Provided is a semipermeable membrane with high chlorine resistance and high alkali resistance. A cellulose mixed ester represented by a structural formula of General Formula (I), wherein when X is an aromatic acyl group, a degree of substitution is from 2.91 to 3.0; the aromatic acyl group includes a benzoyl group (A) that may include a substituent, and an aromatic acyl group (B) containing a carboxyl group or a salt of a carboxyl group; when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of the benzoyl group (A) that may include a substituent is from 2.4 to 2.95, and a degree of substitution of the aromatic acyl group (B) containing a carboxyl group or a salt of a carboxyl group is from 0.05 to 0.6; and in General Formula (I), all or part of Xs are aromatic acyl groups; when part of Xs are aromatic acyl groups, the remainder represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and n represents an integer from 20 to 20000.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose-based sheet which has excellent transparency, and exhibits excellent adhesiveness when thermally press-adhered. The sheet includes a laminate including a layer formed of a cellulose-based material and a layer formed of a thermoplastic elastomer. Each of molecules forming the thermoplastic elastomer has both a rubber component having entropy elasticity and a molecule-constraining component for preventing plastic deformation.

Abstract: Provided is a novel cellulose derivative having excellent water resistance. This is a cellulose acylate oxoalkanoate which is a cellulose derivative corresponding to cellulose, except with substituents replacing part or all of hydrogen atoms in the hydroxy groups of the cellulose. The substituents includes a group represented by General Formula (1) and a group represented by General Formula (2). The cellulose acylate oxoalkanoate has a degree x of substitution with the group represented by General Formula (1), a degree y of substitution with the group represented by General Formula (2), and a degree z of unsubstitution, where x, y, and z meet conditions specified by Expressions (A), (B), and (C): 0.1?x?2.99??(A) 0.01?y?2.

Abstract: A cellulose ester, wherein, in a structural formula of the following general formula (I), a degree of substitution where X is an acyl group is from 2.91 to 3.0; the acyl group includes benzoyl group (A) optionally having a substituent, and benzoyl group (B) optionally having a substituent different from that of benzoyl group (A); and when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (A) is from 1.5 to 2.9, and a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (B) is from 0.1 to 1.5, wherein all or some of X represents an acyl group; when some of X represents an acyl group, the remainder represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 20 to 20,000.

Abstract: Provided is a semipermeable membrane having a high chlorine resistance. The semipermeable membrane is formed of a cellulose ester, the cellulose ester having an optionally substituted benzoyl group.

Abstract: Provided is a novel cellulose derivative having excellent water resistance. This is a cellulose acylate oxoalkanoate which is a cellulose derivative corresponding to cellulose, except with substituents replacing part or all of hydrogen atoms in the hydroxy groups of the cellulose. The substituents includes a group represented by General Formula (1) and a group represented by General Formula (2). The cellulose acylate oxoalkanoate has a degree x of substitution with the group represented by General Formula (1), a degree y of substitution with the group represented by General Formula (2), and a degree z of unsubstitution, where x, y, and z meet conditions specified by Expressions (A), (B), and (C): 0.1?x?2.99??(A) 0.01?y?2.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing high-purity hydrogenated biphenol based on a simple method that can be industrially utilized using easily-available biphenol as a starting material. The method for producing hydrogenated biphenol according to the present invention is a method for producing hydrogenated biphenol by hydrogenating biphenol represented by the following formula (1): to obtain hydrogenated biphenol represented by the following formula (2): the method including: a reaction step of hydrogenating the biphenol represented by formula (1); and a purification step of washing or crystallizing a reaction product obtained from the reaction step using an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing high-purity hydrogenated biphenol based on a simple method that can be industrially utilized using easily-available biphenol as a starting material. The method for producing hydrogenated biphenol according to the present invention is a method for producing hydrogenated biphenol by hydrogenating biphenol represented by the following formula (1): to obtain hydrogenated biphenol represented by the following formula (2): the method including: a reaction step of hydrogenating the biphenol represented by formula (1); and a purification step of washing or crystallizing a reaction product obtained from the reaction step using an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing high-purity hydrogenated biphenol based on a simple method that can be industrially utilized using easily-available biphenol as a starting material. The method for producing hydrogenated biphenol according to the present invention is a method for producing hydrogenated biphenol by hydrogenating biphenol represented by the following formula (1): to obtain hydrogenated biphenol represented by the following formula (2): the method comprising: a reaction step of hydrogenating the biphenol represented by formula (1); and a purification step of washing or crystallizing a reaction product obtained from the reaction step using an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Optical apparatuses are provided that use near-field light, where high spatial resolution and high sensitivity are made compatible. Highly intense near-field light is generated in a narrow area using localized plasmons that are produced in a metal pattern 106 in a shape that bears anisotropy and is made to irradiate a measured subject. The direction of polarization 104 of incident light 103 is modulated and signal light is subjected to synchronous detection, so that background light is removed and high sensitivity is achieved.