Abstract: A support system includes: a container that is deformable; an ER fluid sealed in the container; and a plurality of application electrodes each provided in the container, and the support system further includes a plurality of rigid bodies each firmly fixed to the container.

Abstract: Provided is a method for processing a substrate having a metal formed on a planned dividing line along the planned dividing line, the method including a processed groove forming step of forming a processed groove in the substrate along the planned dividing line, and a burr removing step of, after the processed groove forming step is performed, making an etchant that includes at least an oxidizing agent and to which an ultrasonic vibration is imparted come into contact with the substrate, suppressing ductility of a metallic burr generated on a periphery of the formed processed groove and increasing fragility of the burr by modifying the burr by the oxidizing agent included in the etchant, and removing the burr by the ultrasonic vibration.

Abstract: The method for producing pentamethylene diisocyanate includes a reaction step, in which carbonyl chloride is allowed to react with pentamethylenediamine to produce a reaction mixture containing pentamethylene diisocyanate and a tar component containing a chlorine-containing component; a heating step, in which the reaction mixture is heated; and a purification step, in which the reaction mixture after the heating step is purified to separate the pentamethylene diisocyanate from the tar component, wherein in the heating step, the reaction mixture is heated without removing the tar component from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The method for producing pentamethylene diisocyanate includes a reaction step, in which carbonyl chloride is allowed to react with pentamethylenediamine to produce a reaction mixture containing pentamethylene diisocyanate and a tar component containing a chlorine-containing component; a heating step, in which the reaction mixture is heated; and a purification step, in which the reaction mixture after the heating step is purified to separate the pentamethylene diisocyanate from the tar component, wherein in the heating step, the reaction mixture is heated without removing the tar component from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: An oil tight type chain tensioner applies tension to a chain used in an engine. The tensioner includes a housing, in which oil is sealed, and a reciprocating rod extending from the interior of the housing to the exterior for pressing the chain. An oil seal is located between the outer circumferential surface of the rod and the inner circumferential surface of the housing. A reservoir for retaining the oil is communicated with the interior of the housing. This structure permits the oil to flow between the interior of the housing and the reservoir in correspondence with the reciprocation of the rod. The reservoir has a hole for permitting air communication from the interior of the reservoir to the exterior but restricting an oil flow from the exterior of the reservoir to the interior.