Abstract: It is possible to accurately grasp the taste of each user and provide information in which the taste thereof is accurately reflected. Store information kept in a store information storage unit (100) is provided to each user. User taste information (T) including the values of taste on feature items of each genre is stored for each user in a user taste information storage unit (110). Store evaluation information (E) including the values of evaluation on the feature items of its genre is stored for each store in a store evaluation information storage unit (120). A store information providing unit (130) selects store information having the store evaluation information (E) matched with the user taste information (T) and provides it to the user. If the user views specific store information or utilizes a specific store, the specific store is recoded in a target store recording unit (150) as a target store.

Abstract: The information providing system accurately predicts a behavior pattern of a user, selects and provides the optimal information at individual points in time. Provision information files for a number of stores are stored. When a user from a cellular phone transmits a retrieval condition including the position information and a keyword, a file is retrieved whose degree of accordance to the retrieval condition is a certain reference level. Tables show statistical degrees of interest of users in association with respective geographical areas, respective time periods, and respective store genres. The degree of accordance of the retrieved file is corrected based on the corresponding degrees of interest in the tables, and a list is presented, in which stores are sorted in the large order of the corrected degree of accordance, to the phone. The store information selected by the user from the list is distributed to the phone.

Abstract: The information providing system accurately predicts a behavior pattern of a user, selects and provides the optimal information at individual points in time. Provision information files for a number of stores are stored. When a user from a cellular phone transmits a retrieval condition including the position information and a keyword, a file is retrieved whose degree of accordance to the retrieval condition is a certain reference level. Tables show statistical degrees of interest of users in association with respective geographical areas, respective time periods, and respective store genres. The degree of accordance of the retrieved file is corrected based on the corresponding degrees of interest in the tables, and a list is presented, in which stores are sorted in the large order of the corrected degree of accordance, to the phone. The store information selected by the user from the list is distributed to the phone.

Abstract: The information providing system accurately predicts a behavior pattern of a user, selects and provides the optimal information at individual points in time. Provision information files (F1, F2, . . . ) for a number of stores are stored in the file storage section (100). When a user accesses the retrieval condition enter section (130) from a cellular phone (10) and transmits a retrieval condition including the position information and a keyword, the retrieval executing section (120) retrieves a file whose degree of accordance to the retrieval condition is a certain reference level or more. The list presentation section (140) comprises tables showing statistical degrees of interest of users in association with respective geographical areas, respective time periods, and respective store genres.

Abstract: The information providing system accurately predicts a behavior pattern of a user, selects and provides the optimal information at individual points in time. Provision information files (F1, F2, . . . ) for a number of stores are stored in the file storage section (100). When a user accesses the retrieval condition enter section (130) from a cellular phone (10) and transmits a retrieval condition including the position information and a keyword, the retrieval executing section (120) retrieves a file whose degree of accordance to the retrieval condition is a certain reference level or more. The list presentation section (140) comprises tables showing statistical degrees of interest of users in association with respective geographical areas, respective time periods, and respective store genres.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength ?STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence ? in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths ?min to ?max including the reference wavelength ?STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle ?2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength ?MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence ? is larger than the minimum diffraction angle ?1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength ?MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence ?.

Abstract: It is possible to accurately grasp the taste of each user and provide information in which the taste thereof is accurately reflected. Store information kept in a store information storage unit (100) is provided to each user. User taste information (T) including the values of taste on feature items of each genre is stored for each user in a user taste information storage unit (110). Store evaluation information (E) including the values of evaluation on the feature items of its genre is stored for each store in a store evaluation information storage unit (120). A store information providing unit (130) selects store information having the store evaluation information (E) matched with the user taste information (T) and provides it to the user. If the user views specific store information or utilizes a specific store, the specific store is recoded in a target store recording unit (150) as a target store.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength ?STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence ? in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths ?min to ?max including the reference wavelength ?STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle ?2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength ?MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence ? is larger than the minimum diffraction angle ?1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength ?MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence ?.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength ?STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence ? in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths ?min to ?max including the reference wavelength ?STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle ?2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength ?MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence ? is larger than the minimum diffraction angle ?1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength ?MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence ?.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength ?STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence ? in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths ?min to ?max including the reference wavelength ?STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle ?2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength ?MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence ? is larger than the minimum diffraction angle ?1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength ?MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence ?.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-generated hologram fabrication process that can reduce loads on computation of interference fringes for an original image including micro-characters. A visually perceivable original image 11 and a visually unperceivable original image 12 (micro-characters) are defined, and sample point sources of light P are defined at a low density on the original image 11 and at a high density on the original image 12. Interference fringes of object light coming from the point light sources on the original image 11 and reference light R are found on each computation point within an area ?1 on a recording surface 20, and interference fringes of object light coming from point light sources on the original image 12 and reference light R are found on each computation point within an area ?2 on the recording surface 20.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength ?STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence ? in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths ?MIN to ?MAX including the reference wavelength ?STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle ?2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength ?MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence ? is larger than the minimum diffraction angle ?1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength ?MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence ?.

Abstract: A computer-generated hologram fabrication process which reduces loads on computation of interference fringes for an original image including micro-characters. A visually perceivable original image and a visually unperceivable original image (micro-characters) are defined, and sample point sources of light are defined at a low density on the original image and at a high density on the original image. Interference fringes of object light are found on each computation point within a first area on a recording surface, and interference fringes of object light are found on each computation point within a second area on the recording surface. The light sources that become samples are defined at a given pitch on sectional lines obtained by cutting the original images 11 and 12 by a multiplicity of sections (parallel with an XZ plane) located at a given spacing. The section-to-section spacing for the original image 12 is made narrows than that for the original image 11.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-generated hologram fabrication process that can reduce loads on computation of interference fringes for an original image including micro-characters. A visually perceivable original image 11 and a visually unperceivable original image 12 (micro-characters) are defined, and sample point sources of light P are defined at a low density on the original image 11 and at a high density on the original image 12. Interference fringes of object light coming from the point light sources on the original image 11 and reference light R are found on each computation point within an area ?1 on a recording surface 20, and interference fringes of object light coming from point light sources on the original image 12 and reference light R are found on each computation point within an area ?2 on the recording surface 20.

Abstract: An optical element has of a set a plurality of three-dimensional cells. A specific amplitude and a specific phase are defined in each individual cell. Each cell has a concave part formed by hollowing a part having an area corresponding to the specific amplitude by a depth corresponding to the specific phase. The individual cell has a specific optical property so that, when incident light is provided to the cell, emission light is obtained by changing an amplitude and a phase of the incident light in accordance with the specific amplitude and specific phase defined in the cell.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength &lgr;STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence &thgr; in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths &lgr;MIN to &lgr;MAX including the reference wavelength &lgr;STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle &bgr;2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength &lgr;MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence &thgr; is larger than the minimum diffraction angle &bgr;1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength &lgr;MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence &thgr;.

Abstract: A hologram that can obtain high diffraction efficiency when reconstructed and is superior in productivity is provided. An arbitrary object image and a recording surface in which representative points are disposed with predetermined pitches are defined by use of a computer. At the position of each individual representative point, a complex amplitude for the wave front of object light emitted from the object image is calculated, and a complex amplitude distribution is calculated on the recording surface. This complex amplitude distribution is expressed by a three-dimensional cell having a groove in the surface thereof. Four kinds of groove depths are defined in accordance with the phase &thgr;, and seven kinds of groove widths are defined in accordance with the amplitude A.

Abstract: The invention provides a computer-generated hologram which can be viewed in white at the desired viewing region and a reflective liquid crystal display using the same as a reflector. The computer-generated hologram H is designed to diffuse light having a given reference wavelength &lgr;STD and incident thereon at a given angle of incidence &thgr; in a specific angle range. In a range of wavelengths &lgr;MIN to &lgr;MAX including the reference wavelength &lgr;STD wherein zero-order transmission light or zero-order reflection light of incident light on the computer-generated hologram at a given angle of incidence is seen in white by additive color mixing, the maximum diffraction angle &bgr;2MIN of incident light of the minimum wavelength &lgr;MIN in the wavelength range and incident at the angle of incidence &thgr; is larger than the minimum diffraction angle &bgr;1MAX of incident light of the maximum wavelength &lgr;MAX in the wavelength range and incident at said angle of incidence &thgr;.

Abstract: An optical element has of a set of a plurality of three-dimensional cells. A specific amplitude and a specific phase are defined in each individual cell. Each cell has a concave part formed by hollowing a part having an area corresponding to the specific amplitude by a depth corresponding to the specific phase. The individual cell has a specific optical property so that, when incident light is provided to the cell, emission light is obtained by changing an amplitude and a phase of the incident light in accordance with the specific amplitude and the specific phase defined in the cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-generated hologram fabrication process that can reduce loads on computation of interference fringes for an original image including micro-characters. A visually perceivable original image 11 and a visually unperceivable original image 12 (micro-characters) are defined, and sample point sources of light P are defined at a low density on the original image 11 and at a high density on the original image 12. Interference fringes of object light coming from the point light sources on the original image 11 and reference light R are found on each computation point within an area &agr;1 on a recording surface 20, and interference fringes of object light coming from point light sources on the original image 12 and reference light R are found on each computation point within an area &agr;2 on the recording surface 20.