Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device capable of reducing switching loss at turn-off while suppressing conduction loss. An emitter p? layer 11, a collector p layer 23, a drift layer 10, an emitter electrode 18, a collector electrode 28, an emitter-side gate electrode 17, an emitter n layer 12, a collector p? layer 23a, a collector-side gate electrode 27, and a collector n layer 22 configure a semiconductor device 1, and a total length of a first facing region of the emitter-side gate electrode 17 in a gate width direction facing an emitter layer p? 11 via a gate insulating film 15 is longer than the total length in the gate width direction of a second facing region of a collector-side gate electrode 27 facing an impurity layer 23a via a collector-side gate insulating film 25.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an L-amino acid such as L-glutamic acid and the like. An L-amino-acid is produced by cultivating a coryneform bacterium having L-amino acid-producing ability in a culture medium, which has been modified so as to have one or more of the following modifications: (A) a modification for increasing activity of acetate kinase, (B) a modification for increasing activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, (C) a modification for decreasing activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, (D) a modification for decreasing activity of aspartate transaminase, and (E) a modification for decreasing activity of malic enzyme; and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture medium and/or the bacterial cells.

Abstract: Provided is a dielectric composition containing: a main component expressed by {BaxSr(1-x)}mTa4O12; and a first subcomponent, m satisfying a relationship of 1.95?m?2.40. The first subcomponent includes silicon and magnesium. When the amount of the main component contained in the dielectric composition is set to 100 parts by mole, the amount of silicon contained in the dielectric composition is 7.5 to 15.0 parts by mole in terms of SiO2, and the amount of magnesium contained in the dielectric composition is 5.0 to 22.5 parts by mole in terms of MgO.

Abstract: A heat exchanger member, a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger, and a cooling system that are highly efficient are realized by providing, to a surface of a metal in contact with a refrigerant, of a heat exchanger used for a cooling unit and a heat dissipation unit, characteristics not found in the metal itself with a coating film excelling in thermal conductivity and excelling in wettability with the refrigerant. A heat exchanger member made of metal having a surface that comes into contact with a refrigerant when a heat exchanger is operated includes a metal oxide film provided on the surface, having protrusions, and containing crystalline carbon.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive base body and a photosensitive layer, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, and in which a fluorine atom concentration at a surface of the outermost surface layer is 1.5 to 5.0 times a fluorine atom concentration at a depth of 1 ?m from the surface of the outermost surface layer, or in which a number density ratio of aggregates of the fluorine-containing resin particles in a second region defined in this specification, to aggregates of he fluorine-containing resin particles in a first region defined in this specification is less than 0.95, and a ratio of an area ratio of the fluorine-containing resin particles in the second region, to an area ratio of the flourine-containing resin particles in the first region is within a range of 1±0.1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive base body and a photosensitive layer, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing non particles, and in which a fluorine atom concentration at a surface of the outermost surface layer is 1.5 to 5.0 times a fluorine atom concentration at a depth of 1 ?m from the surface of the outermost surface layer, or in which a number density ratio of aggregates of the fluorine-containing resin particles is a second region defined in this specification, to aggregates of the fluorine-containing resin particles in a first region defined in this specification is less than 0.95, and a ratio of an area ratio of the fluorine-containing resin particles in the second region, to an area ratio of the fluorine-containing resin particles in the first region is within a range of 1±0.1.

Abstract: A fixing member includes a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and including Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of 0.80 to 1.30 for a (111) plane, 0.80 to 1.50 for a (200) plane, and 0.70 to 1.30 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: An endless belt includes either a single-layer body including a layer including an imide resin and conductive particles, or a multilayer body including the layer as an outermost layer. The ratio y/x of the layer is 0.8992 or more and 1.0157 or less, where x [log ?/?] is the common logarithm of the surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the layer measured with a ring probe when a voltage of 100 V is applied to the layer for 3 seconds at a load of 1 kg, and y [log ?·cm] is the common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the layer measured with a ring probe when a voltage of 100 V is applied to the layer for 5 seconds at a load of 1 kg.

Abstract: Provided is a transfer device that includes an intermediate transfer body which is a first endless belt including a resin and conductive carbon particles and in which in a spatial distribution of the conductive carbon particles that are present in an evaluation region of 6.3 ?m×4.2 ?m on an outer peripheral surface; a first transfer component that first-transfers a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier to a surface of the intermediate transfer body; and a second transfer component which has a second endless belt disposed so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body, which second-transfers the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body to a surface of a recording medium on the second endless belt.

Abstract: A fixing member includes a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and including Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of 0.80 to 1.30 for a (111) plane, 0.80 to 1.50 for a (200) plane, and 0.70 to 1.30 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A printed material of the present invention is a printed material including a recording medium, a color material layer, and a fine irregular layer functioning as an outermost layer in this order; the color material layer contains a pigment; the fine irregular layer contains spherical particles having a specific average particle diameter; the spherical particles are present in a thickness direction of the fine irregular layer; and the surface of the fine irregular layer has convex portions having an average height of 0.04 to 0.15 ?m and an image definition C(2) is 50% or more.

Abstract: A heat transfer system is provided with a first heating element that transfers ink in an ink layer to a transfer-receiving body in a first pattern, a winding part that winds an ink ribbon having ink transferred therein on the downstream side of the first heating element in such a manner that a back surface layer is positioned outside the ink layer, a second heating element that transfers ink in the ink layer to the back surface layer inside the ink layer in a second pattern near the winding part, and a controller that controls the heating elements, and the controller controls the first heating element to transfer ink corresponding to the first pattern by transferring a portion of the ink layer, and controls the second heating element to transfer ink corresponding to the second pattern by transferring the ink layer as a whole.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer and includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 1.0 to 1.8 for a (111) plane, from 0.5 to 1.3 for a (200) plane, and from 1.0 to 1.6 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a first resin and first conductive carbon particles. In the spatial distribution of the first conductive carbon particles present in an evaluation region of the outer peripheral surface of the endless belt which has a size of 6.3 ?m×4.2 ?m, the integral of the statistic L(r) represented by Formula (1) below from 0.05 ?m to 0.30 ?m with respect to an interparticle distance r is 0 or more and 0.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer and includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 1.0 to 1.8 for a (111) plane, from 0.5 to 1.3 for a (200) plane, and from 1.0 to 1.6 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 0 to 1.08 for a (111) plane, from 1.42 to 4.25 for a (200) plane, and from 0.07 to 0.69 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has an average crystal grain size of 0.15 ?m to 0.19 ?m; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 0 to 1.08 for a (111) plane, from 1.42 to 4.25 for a (200) plane, and from 0.07 to 0.69 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor photoreceptor having an outermost surface layer that contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms and has a perfluorooctanoic acid content of 25 ppb or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particles; and a transfer device that includes an intermediate transfer body having a surface onto which a toner image is transferred, a first transfer device that performs first transfer that involves transferring the toner image on the surface of the photoreceptor onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body, and a second transfer device that performs second transfer that involves transferring the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium, the second transfer device having a second transfer member having a surface with a hexadecane contact angle of 30 degrees or more.

Abstract: A thermal transfer sheet which can prevent a kick and a scumming, and can form a photographic tone color image of high quality with a continuous tone image by sublimation transfer; a coating liquid for colorant layer to be used for forming the colorant layer of this thermal transfer sheet; a method for manufacturing this thermal transfer sheet; and image forming method employing this thermal transfer sheet. The problem is solved by a thermal transfer sheet (1) in which at least a colorant layer (3) is layered on a substrate sheet (2), wherein the colorant layer (3) contains a predetermined solvent, a colorant (10x) dispersible in the predetermined solvent, a dispersant, and a binder resin, and the dispersant being one or more selected from the group consisting of polyether-based dispersants, graft type polymer dispersants, acryl-based block type polymer dispersants, urethane-based polymer dispersants and azo-based dispersants.