Abstract: To provide a cement manufacturing apparatus and the like capable of increasing quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus while controlling unburned carbon content in cement within a permissible range. The cement manufacturing apparatus and the like comprises a removal means for removing unburned carbon from gypsum, and a grinding means for grinding gypsum from which unburned carbon is removed by the removal means together with clinker to generate cement. With the apparatus, total unburned carbon content in cement can be reduced, and the quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus can be increased by the reduced amount of unburned carbon. The removal means can remove unburned carbon contained in gypsum as well as unburned carbon contained in fly ash, and the grinding means may grind the fly ash from which unburned carbon is removed together with the gypsum, from which unburned carbon is removed, and clinker.

Abstract: A member of an earthquake-proof reinforcement structure is selected with reference to the allowable stress intensity ratio of the member, a ductility factor ratio allowable as a deformation magnification by earthquake-proof reinforcement of the selected member is set, an increase in load in a plasticity range, which acts on the selected member, is calculated on the basis of the set ductility factor ratio, and a corresponding allowable stress intensity ratio is obtained. When the obtained allowable stress intensity ratio is defined as a maximum value of 1.0, the corresponding increase in load in the plasticity range is specified as an ultimate load at which the selected member collapses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a root wrapping type aseismic reinforcement construction and method for a base of a column member. A buffering portion is provided between the base of the column member and a root wrapping member to decrease bending moment generated on the base by an external force. Therefore, the bending moment is less prone to be transmitted to a foundation member, so that the bending moment born by the foundation can be reduced.

Abstract: A member of an earthquake-proof reinforcement structure is selected with reference to the allowable stress intensity ratio of the member, a ductility factor ratio allowable as a deformation magnification by earthquake-proof reinforcement of the selected member is set, an increase in load in a plasticity range, which acts on the selected member, is calculated on the basis of the set ductility factor ratio, and a corresponding allowable stress intensity ratio is obtained. When the obtained allowable stress intensity ratio is defined as a maximum value of 1.0, the corresponding increase in load in the plasticity range is specified as an ultimate load at which the selected member collapses.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing aromatic urethanes utilizes a urea production process wherein a primary aromatic amine, an aromatic nitro-compound and carbon monoxide are made to react together in the presence of a catalyst and solvents, to produce N,N'-disubstituted urea, the solvlent used in the urea production process consisting at least partly of an amide or oxygen-containing sulfur compound, and having the functions of stabilizing the catalyst and preventing it from separating out in a solution, and of increasing the activity of the catalyst, the quantity of the solvent being sufficient to permit it to fulfill these functions effectively. The method additionally includes an aromatic urethane production process wherein the N,N'-disubstituted urea produced is made to react with an organic compound containing hydroxyl groups, to produce a primary aromatic amine and aromatic urethane, the primary aromatic amine being separated to obtain the aromatic urethane.