Abstract: This raw-material liquid concentration system is for use in a pharmaceutical product manufacturing process, and employs a membrane-distillation method involving: bringing a raw-material liquid containing a solvent and a solute into contact with cooling water through a membrane-distillation membrane; passing the solvent in the raw-material liquid through the membrane-distillation membrane in the form of vapor; and causing the solvent to move toward the side of the cooling water, wherein the membrane-distillation membrane is a porous membrane that has a water contact angle of at least 90° at the surface thereof, has an average pore diameter of 0.02-0.5 ?m, and has a porosity of 60-90%.

Abstract: Provided are a concentration method and system for concentrating a raw material solution, and in which a raw material solution containing a solute and a solvent is concentrated to obtain a concentrate of the raw material solution, wherein the solvent contains water and an organic solvent. In the method and system for concentrating a raw material solution, the system includes a combination of: a first concentrating means for removing water in the raw material solution by means of a forward osmosis method; and a second concentrating means for evaporating and removing water and an organic solvent in the raw material solution.

Abstract: A membrane distillation device, provided with a membrane distillation module including a plurality of hydrophobic porous hollow fiber membranes, and a condenser for condensing water vapor extracted from the module. The average pore diameter of the porous hollow fiber is 0.01-1 ?m. The filling ratio of the porous hollow fiber of the membrane distillation module is 10-80%, and the pressure condition for the membrane distillation is equal to or greater than 1 kPa and equal to or less than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature of the water being treated.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a membrane distillation module with excellent stability of water treatment ability over time as a result of wetting being controlled; and a membrane distillation apparatus comprising the same. Provided is a membrane distillation module that comprises a housing and multiple porous hollow fiber membranes, both ends of which are bonded and fixed to the housing, wherein: the water contact angle of the outer surfaces of the porous hollow fiber membranes is at least 90°; and a hydrophobic polymer adheres to at least some of the areas of the porous hollow fiber membranes that are not bonded and fixed.

Abstract: Provided is a supporting method of supporting concentration of maple sap in production of a maple syrup liquid, the supporting method including: acquiring current sap information including current color information and a current sugar content of the maple sap; and outputting predicted color information indicating a color of the maple syrup liquid predicted based on the current sap information and a target sugar content of a concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating the maple sap.

Abstract: Provided is a membrane distillation module 100 comprising a membrane distillation membrane cartridge 10 and a membrane distillation housing 20, wherein: the membrane cartridge 10 comprises a membrane anchoring part 12 in which porous membranes 11 are anchored by anchoring resin; the housing 20 comprises a housing body 30 and a housing lid 40; the membrane distillation module 100 comprises a support part 60 where the outer surface of the membrane anchoring part 12 is supported by the inner surface of the housing 20 with a seal member 50 interposed therebetween; and a value C in the cross section of the support part 60 is at least 30° C. as represented by the following formula, where dF is the equivalent circular diameter (mm) of the outer circumference of the membrane anchoring part 12, kF is the linear expansion coefficient (1/° C.) of the anchoring resin, dE is the equivalent circular diameter (mm) of the inner circumference of the housing 20; and kE is the linear expansion coefficient (1/° C.

Abstract: A membrane distillation device, provided with a membrane distillation module including a plurality of hydrophobic porous hollow fiber membranes, and a condenser for condensing water vapor extracted from the module. The average pore diameter of the porous hollow fiber is 0.01-1 ?m. The filling ratio of the porous hollow fiber of the membrane distillation module is 10-80%, and the pressure condition for the membrane distillation is equal to or greater than 1 kPa and equal to or less than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature of the water being treated.

Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous lithium-type electrical storage element having both high output and high capacity per volume. The non-aqueous lithium-type electrical storage element relevant to the present invention is a non-aqueous lithium-type electrical storage element having: an electrode body laminated with a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode current collector, a separator, and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode current collector; a non-aqueous electrolytic solution including a lithium ion; and an outer casing.

Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous lithium-type electrical storage element having both high output and high capacity per volume. The non-aqueous lithium-type electrical storage element relevant to the present invention is a non-aqueous lithium-type electrical storage element having: an electrode body laminated with a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode current collector, a separator, and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode current collector; a non-aqueous electrolytic solution including a lithium ion; and an outer casing.

Abstract: During inline cleaning when filtering operation is suspended, a venting step is carried out in which the piping interior of a header piping system is vented above the water surface, and the venting step is followed by a pressurized cleaning step wherein chemical solution is supplied to the header piping system while removing gas from the piping interior, with continued supply of chemical solution to the header piping system even after the piping interior has been sealed and the gas removal has been suspended, for pressurized cleaning of the membrane units. As a result, the supplied chemical solution spreads smoothly throughout the piping interior of the header piping system so that it is equally supplied to each membrane unit or hollow fiber membrane module.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method that allows solid-liquid separation of activated sludge and a treated liquid to be carried out stably and efficiently by suitably evaluating the risk of clogging prior to membrane clogging and adopting necessary and adequate countermeasures. The present invention provides a wastewater treatment method employing a membrane separation activated sludge process, by which the upper limit of BOD-sludge load is determined based on an index indicating the total organic content of the organic wastewater and a BOD value, and the BOD-sludge load in the activated sludge tank is adjusted so as not to exceed the upper limit.

Abstract: Intermittent gas flow and membrane separation apparatus and methods of use including an internal gas chamber including an upper wall; at least one inlet for supplying gas to the internal gas chamber; a column pipe that extends above the upper wall of the internal gas chamber, the column pipe including a lower end portion including a lower end portion opening in the internal gas chamber, the column pipe linking the internal gas chamber to an area external to the internal gas chamber for fluid flow between the internal gas chamber and the external area; an auxiliary pipe including one end portion connected to the column pipe for fluid flow between the auxiliary pipe and the column pipe, and another end portion branched off from the column pipe, the another end portion including an opening located in the internal gas chamber at a position higher than the lower end portion opening of the column pipe by a predetermined height; and an auxiliary pipe external tubular member including a closed end, the auxiliary pipe

Abstract: A filtration equipment of hollow fiber membrane of external pressure type in which pressure is applied to raw liquid from outside of hollow fiber membranes housed in a casing to cause filtrate to pass inside the hollow fiber membranes is provided. The filtration equipment may include a pair of hollow fiber filtration membrane modules in which raw liquid supply channels are connected to a shared raw liquid supply header pipe via on-off valves, filtrate discharge channels which are connected to a shared filtrate discharge header pipe having an on-off valve, and return raw liquid channels which are connected to a shared return raw liquid header pipe via on-off valves, wherein on-off operations of the on-off valves allow mutual backwash between the pair of hollow fiber filtration membrane modules.

Abstract: Provided is a hollow yarn film filtering apparatus (7) for filtering a stock solution by passing it through a hollow yarn film dipped in a treating bath (24).

Abstract: Provided is a method of treating wastewater, containing: the flow-in step of flowing an organic wastewater into an activated sludge tank holding an activated sludge containing microorganisms therein; and the separation step of biologically treating the organic wastewater in the activated sludge tank and then subjecting thus treated liquor to solid-liquid separation with the use of a separation membrane device located in the activated sludge tank, wherein the sugar concentration in the aqueous phase of the activated sludge is maintained within a certain range in the separation step. The method of the present invention allows adequately evaluating the risk of decreasing the effective membrane area caused by the adhesion of biopolymers to the membrane surface, thus achieving efficient wastewater treatment while preventing the increase in the membrane filtration resistance.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane cartridge comprising a bundle of multiple hollow fiber membranes arranged so as to be vertical in an immersion vessel and comprising bond fixing layers capable of bond fixing of the hollow fiber membrane bundle at both ends thereof, wherein the morphology of each of the bond fixing layers is selected from the group consisting of a triangle, a rectangle and a hexagon, and wherein at least an edge of upper side bond fixing layer, the hollow of the hollow fiber membranes opens, and wherein the hollow fiber membrane bundle at a filtration zone side interface of the upper side bond fixing layer is in the form of multiple wisps.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method that allows solid-liquid separation of activated sludge and a treated liquid to be carried out stably and efficiently by suitably evaluating the risk of clogging prior to membrane clogging and adopting necessary and adequate countermeasures. The present invention provides a wastewater treatment method employing a membrane separation activated sludge process, by which the upper limit of BOD-sludge load is determined based on an index indicating the total organic content of the organic wastewater and a BOD value, and the BOD-sludge load in the activated sludge tank is adjusted so as not to exceed the upper limit.

Abstract: A membrane separating method and a membrane separating device capable of preventing sludge from being accumulated on the surface of hollow fiber membranes in a membrane cartridge and having filtration performance stably sustained for a long period. The membrane cartridge formed by sticking and fixing both ends of two or more hollow fiber membranes arranged in the vertical direction is formed in such a structure that the collected state of the hollow fiber membranes on an upper side adhesive boundary surface is divided into a plurality of hollow fiber membrane bundles.

Abstract: Intermittent gas flow and membrane separation apparatus and methods of use including an internal gas chamber including an upper wall; at least one inlet for supplying gas to the internal gas chamber; a column pipe that extends above the upper wall of the internal gas chamber, the column pipe including a lower end portion including a lower end portion opening in the internal gas chamber, the column pipe linking the internal gas chamber to an area external to the internal gas chamber for fluid flow between the internal gas chamber and the external area; an auxiliary pipe including one end portion connected to the column pipe for fluid flow between the auxiliary pipe and the column pipe, and another end portion branched off from the column pipe, the another end portion including an opening located in the internal gas chamber at a position higher than the lower end portion opening of the column pipe by a predetermined height; and an auxiliary pipe external tubular member including a closed end, the auxiliary pipe

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane cartridge comprising a bundle of multiple hollow fiber membranes arranged so as to be vertical in an immersion vessel and comprising bond fixing layers capable of bond fixing of the hollow fiber membrane bundle at both ends thereof, wherein the morphology of each of the bond fixing layers is selected from the group consisting of a triangle, a rectangle and a hexagon, and wherein at least an edge of upper side bond fixing layer, the hollow of the hollow fiber membranes opens, and wherein the hollow fiber membrane bundle at a filtration zone side interface of the upper side bond fixing layer is in the form of multiple wisps.