Abstract: An ink-filled cartridge includes a cartridge, including a cylindrical syringe and a plunger, and an ink therein. The ink has a viscosity at 25° C. of from 50 to 2,000 dPa·s. The ink contains one or more air bubbles having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more. A total volume A of air bubbles in a portion of the syringe corresponding to a distance from a lower end of a discharge nozzle of the cylindrical syringe to a mid-point between the lower end and the plunger, and a total volume B of air bubbles in a portion of the syringe corresponding to a distance from the mid-point to the plunger, satisfy: 0?A/B<1.0.

Abstract: A control mode of speed control includes a first control mode in which an actual speed is caused to follow a target speed through active use of a brake and a second control mode in which the actual speed is caused to follow the target speed while use of the brake is suppressed. An autonomous driving system changes a threshold value to a value larger than a value in the first control mode when the control mode is switched from the first control mode to the second control mode, and changes the threshold value to a value smaller than a value in the second control mode when the control mode is switched from the second control mode to the first control mode.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack and a control device that controls operation of the fuel cell system based on a measured voltage value measured by a voltage sensor. When the fuel cell system is started and a value measured by a temperature sensor is equal to or less than a temperature determined in advance, the control device raises the voltage of the fuel cell stack until a voltage condition determined in advance is met, by supplying a cathode with an oxidant gas before current sweep is started. The control device sets a voltage command value and a current command value such that an operation point of the fuel cell stack is on an equal power line of the fuel cell stack when the operation point is caused to transition in at least a part of a transition period.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus including: a laser that outputs a frequency-modulated laser beam; a branch that splits the frequency-modulated laser beam into a reference light and a measurement light; a beat signal generator that generates a beat signal by mixing the reference light and a reflected light that is reflected by radiating the measurement light onto an object to be measured; a frequency analyzer that frequency-analyzes the beat signal; a storage that stores a reference frequency signal which is a frequency signal obtained by converting a reference signal output by the beat signal generator in a state without the object to be measured; and calculation circuitry that calculates a difference between propagation distances of the reference light and the measurement light.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a laser apparatus, a branching part that branches a frequency-modulated laser beam output by the laser apparatus into a reference light and a measurement light; a beat signal generation part that generates a beat signal by mixing a reflected light and the reference light, a conversion part that converts the beat signal into a digital signal at a first sampling rate and frequency-analyses it, an extraction part that extracts a signal component corresponding to a cavity frequency from the frequency-modulated laser beam, a digital filter that digitally filters the extracted signal component at a second sampling rate; and a calculation part that calculates a difference in a propagation distance between the reference light and the measurement light.

Abstract: A thin mobile communication terminal includes: a rectangular enclosure; two arms wherein one end of each arm is rotationally supported by a rotary shaft against corresponding one of both side surfaces of long sides of the enclosure; a hand at another end of each arm; a leg provided on one side surface of short sides of the enclosure in an independently movable manner; a rotary motor for rotating the rotary shaft that supports corresponding one of the two arms on one end of the corresponding one of the arms; an imaging unit provided on a main surface of the enclosure; and a controller that controls the rotary motor.

Abstract: A laser apparatus, a measurement apparatus, and a measurement method are provided in which the laser apparatus outputs a frequency-modulated laser beam with a plurality of modes and includes: an optical cavity that has a gain medium for amplifying a light to be input, and an optical SSB modulator for shifting a frequency of the light amplified by the gain medium: and a control part that controls the optical SSB modulator to shift a frequency of a light to be input to the optical SSB modulator.

Abstract: A thin portable communication terminal that includes a casing having a rectangular parallelepiped shape; one pair of arm portions each having one end that is axially supported to be turnable with respect to corresponding one of both side faces on longer sides of the casing; hand portions each disposed at another end of corresponding one of the one pair of arm portions; and a leg portion disposed on one side face that is on a shorter side of the casing and is capable of independent movement.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus including: a laser that outputs a frequency-modulated laser beam; a branch that splits the frequency-modulated laser beam into a reference light and a measurement light; a beat signal generator that generates a beat signal by mixing the reference light and a reflected light that is reflected by radiating the measurement light onto an object to be measured; a frequency analyzer that frequency-analyzes the beat signal; a storage that stores a reference frequency signal which is a frequency signal obtained by converting a reference signal output by the beat signal generator in a state without the object to be measured; and calculation circuitry that calculates a difference between propagation distances of the reference light and the measurement light.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a laser apparatus, a branching part that splits a laser beam into reference light and measurement light, a condensing part that condenses the measurement light onto an object to be measured, a control part that adjust a focal position where the condensing part condenses the measurement light, and a distance calculation part that calculates distance to the object to be measured on the basis of an optical path difference between the reference light and the measurement light, wherein the condensing part includes a first lens and a correspondence calculation part that calculates a correspondence between a focal position of the condensing part and a position of the first lens on the basis of a position of the first lens and a distance to the object to be measured.

Abstract: A laser apparatus, a measurement apparatus, and a measurement method are provided in which the laser apparatus outputs a frequency-modulated laser beam with a plurality of modes and includes: an optical cavity that has a gain medium for amplifying a light to be input, and an optical SSB modulator for shifting a frequency of the light amplified by the gain medium: and a control part that controls the optical SSB modulator to shift a frequency of a light to be input to the optical SSB modulator.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a laser apparatus, a branching part that branches a frequency-modulated laser beam output by the laser apparatus into a reference light and a measurement light; a beat signal generation part that generates a beat signal by mixing a reflected light and the reference light, a conversion part that converts the beat signal into a digital signal at a first sampling rate and frequency-analyses it, an extraction part that extracts a signal component corresponding to a cavity frequency from the frequency-modulated laser beam, a digital filter that digitally filters the extracted signal component at a second sampling rate; and a calculation part that calculates a difference in a propagation distance between the reference light and the measurement light.

Abstract: Provision of a robot which has a simpler configuration and is capable of a stand-up operation. A posture controlling section (10) changes a posture of a robot 1 from a sitting posture to a bridge posture. In the bridge posture, a projected point (T), which represents a center of gravity of the robot (1) projected onto a plane parallel to a support polygon (R) of the robot (1), is at a position that is outside the support polygon (R) and near a right leg part 6 and a left leg part 7.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a scale having diffraction gratings formed at predetermined pitches in a measurement axis direction, a detection head relatively movable with respect to the scale, the detection head including a light source portion configured to irradiate the scale with light, and a plurality of receiver portions configured to receive light reflected by or transmitted through the diffraction gratings of the scale, at different phases, and a signal processing device configured to perform signal processing to light reception signals output from the receiver portions of the detection head, to produce quadrature differential signals. The signal processing device is configured to calculate alignment adjustment monitor signals corresponding to a Lissajous radius of the quadrature differential signals in order to detect misalignment of the detection head with respect to the scale.