Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has a photosensitive layer constituting a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charging device that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic charge image forming device that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing device that accommodates a developer containing a toner which contains toner particles and an external additive, and develops the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by the developer as a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a surface of a recording medium, and a cleaning device that includes a cleaning blade coming into contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and cleaning at least residual toner particles on the surface of the el

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material, at least one of a polyester resin (PEz) or a polycarbonate resin (PCz) that has at least one of a structure (Z1) represented by Formula (Z1) or a structure (Z2) represented by Formula (Z2) at at least one terminal, and a resin (X) that has at least one of a unit (X1) represented by Formula (X1) or a unit (X2) represented by Formula (X2), a mass proportion of the resin (X) in a total amount of the polyester resin (PEz), the polycarbonate resin (PCz), and the resin (X) in the charge transport layer is 0.

Abstract: A method of producing an aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic recording medium, which uses a grinding apparatus (10) for grinding both principal planes of the aluminum alloy substrate by a grinding pad (14) by arranging the aluminum alloy substrate in an opening (13a) provided in a carrier plate (13), and relatively moving the carrier plate (13) in a plane with respect to an upper platen (11) and a lower platen (12), while supplying a grinding fluid onto a surface of the aluminum alloy substrate, wherein the grinding pad (14) has a structure in which a plurality of tile-shaped convex portions having a flat top portion are provided side by side and diamond abrasive grains are included in the convex portion and fixed in the convex portion by a binder, an average particle diameter of the diamond abrasive grains is from 2 to 15 ?m, and a content of diamond abrasive grains in the convex portions is from 5 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: A base for a magnetic recording medium includes, a substrate made of an Al alloy, and a film made of a NiP-based alloy and provided on the substrate. The Al alloy of the substrate includes Mg in a range of 0.2 mass % to 6 mass %, Si in a range of 3 mass % to 17 mass %, Zn in a range of 0.05 mass % to 2 mass %, and Sr in a range of 0.001 mass % to 1 mass %. An average grain diameter of Si grains in an alloy structure of the substrate is 2 ?m or less. The film has a thickness of 10 ?m or greater. The substrate has an outer diameter of 53 mm or greater, a thickness of 0.9 mm or less, and a Young's modulus of 79 GPa or higher.

Abstract: A base for a magnetic recording medium includes, a substrate made of an Al alloy, and a film made of a NiP-based alloy and provided on the substrate. The Al alloy of the substrate includes Mg in a range of 0.2 mass % to 6 mass %, Si in a range of 3 mass % to 17 mass %, Zn in a range of 0.05 mass % to 2 mass %, and Sr in a range of 0.001 mass % to 1 mass %. An average grain diameter of Si grains in an alloy structure of the substrate is 2 ?m or less. The film has a thickness of 10 ?m or greater. The substrate has an outer diameter of 53 mm or greater, a thickness of 0.9 mm or less, and a Young's modulus of 79 GPa or higher.

Abstract: A connecting device connecting a remaining bar and a movable bar of a transfer bar includes a remaining-side clamp and a movable-side clamp. The clamps respectively have a male fitted portion and a female fitted portion that are fitted to one another around a connecting direction, defining a first connector. A male engagement portion and a female engagement portion are provided inside the clamps, defining a second connector. The female engagement portion of the second connector includes a sphere in a form of a movable member moving in a direction orthogonal to the connecting direction. A movement of the sphere effects an engagement and disengagement of the female engagement portion from the male engagement portion.

Abstract: A connecting a remaining bar and a movable bar of a transfer bar includes a remaining-side clamp and a movable-side clamp. The clamps respectively have a male fitted portion and a female fitted portion that are fitted to one another around a connecting direction, defining a first connector. A male engagement portion and a female engagement portion are provided inside the clamps defining a second connector. The female engagement portion of the second connector includes a sphere in a form of a movable member moving in a direction orthogonal to the connecting direction. A movement of the sphere effects an engagement and disengagement of the female engagement portion from the male engagement portion.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing a motor vehicle has a diagnosis device including a computer having a central processing unit and a ROM. The ROM stores a plurality of programs for diagnosing an electronic control system for controlling an engine. The electronic control system has a self-diagnosis function and a nonvolatile memory for storing trouble data as a result of the self-dignosis. A communication system is provided in the diagnosis device for supplying a trouble check signal to the electronic control system. In response to the trouble check signal, the electronic control system derives the trouble data from the nonvolatile memory and sends the trouble data to the diagnosis device.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing a motor vehicle has a diagnosis device including a computer having a central processing unit and a RAM and ROM. The ROM stores a plurality of programs for diagnosing an electronic control system for controlling an engine. The ROM stores data for displaying abbreviations of an input diagnosis mode. Data for an abbreviation is derived from the ROM in accordance with the input diagnosis mode and the abbreviation is displayed on a display in accordance with the data.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing a motor vehicle has a diagnosis device including a computer having a central processing unit and an input/output interface, a first connector for connecting the input/output interface to the control system. A memory cartridge is detachably connected to the diagnosis device through a second connector. First auxiliary terminals are provided on the first connector for connecting the diagnosis device with the control system, and second auxiliary terminals are provided on the second connector. The first auxiliary terminals are connected with the second auxiliary terminals through communication lines provided in the diagnosis device, and the second auxiliary terminals are connected with the input/output interface through communication lines provided in the memory cartridge.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing a motor vehicle has a diagnosis device including a computer having a central processing unit and a memory, the memory having a plurality of programs for diagnosing an electronic control system for controlling an engine. An indicator section and a display are provided. The diagnosis device has a control unit. The control unit receives input and output data of an element in the electronic control system and drives the indicator to indicate operating conditions of the element in accordance with the input and output data. On the other hand, the display displays an identification code of the element.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for an engine has an engine speed sensor for producing an engine speed signal and a sensor for sensing temperature of coolant and for producing a coolant temperature dependent on the temperature signal. A predetermined fuel cutoff engine speed, above which bouncing of intake and exhaust valves of the engine occurs, is set in accordance with the coolant temperature to a value which increases with increase of the temperature. When engine speed exceeds the fuel cutoff engine speed, the fuel supply is cut off.

Abstract: An electronic control system mounted on a motor vehicle has an identification code representing the type of the vehicle. A control unit provided in a diagnosis device selects a diagnosis program for diagnosing the control system from a plurality of diagnosis programs in accordance with the identification code. A keyboard is provided for inputting another identification code. The control unit responds to the other identification code input with the keyboard for selecting the diagnosis program.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling an automotive engine has an identification code for designating the type of the electronic control system and the code is stored in a memory. Memory in a computer has a plurality of programs for diagnosing various types of electronic control systems. The computer is connected to the electronic control system. The identification code stored in the memory of the electronic control system is read out by the computer. In response to the read out identification code, a diagnosis program corresponding to the code is selected. The system is arranged to diagnose the signals in accordance with the selected program.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling an automotive engine is mounted on a motor vehicle. A memory in a computer stores a plurality of programs for diagnosing the electronic control system, and identification code representing a communication system which is available to receive data signals from the electronic control system. A plurality of communication systems are provided in the computer. The identification code stored in the memory of the electronic control system is read out. In response to the read out identification code, a communication system corresponding to the code is selected. The system is arranged to diagnose the engine based on data received by the selected communication system.

Abstract: A diagnosis device is provided for diagnosing an electronic control system for controlling an automotive engine mounted on a motor vehicle. A memory in a computer provided in the diagnosis device stores a plurality of programs for diagnosing the electronic control system. The diagnosis device is connected to the electronic control system by a harness including a power line for supplying power from a battery mounted on the motor vehicle and communication lines for data communication between the device and the system.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling an automotive engine is mounted on a motor vehicle. A memory in a computer stores a plurality of data formats. One of the data formats is selected, and a data demand signal dependent on a selected data format is fed to the electronic control system. In response to data sent from the electronic control system, a diagnosis is performed.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling an automotive engine is mounted on a motor vehicle. A memory in a computer stores a plurality of data formats and signaling speeds. One of the data formats and signaling speeds is selected, and an answer demand signal dependent on a selected data format and signaling speed is fed to the electronic control system. In response to an answer from the electronic control system, a diagnosis is performed.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing a motor vehicle has a diagnosis device including a computer having a central processing unit and a memory, the memory having a plurality of programs for diagnosing an electronic control system for controlling an engine. Terminals are provided on a case of the diagnosis device for receiving analog signals from elements of the vehicle. An analog of digital converter is provided in the diagnosis device connected with the terminals for converting an analog signal to a digital signal, thereby monitoring the elements of the vehicle.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for an engine has an engine speed sensor for producing an engine speed signal, a sensor for sensing amount of lubricating oil in an oil pan of the engine and for producing an oil signal dependent on the amount of the oil. In response to the engine speed signal and oil signal, fuel supply is cut off when the engine speed exceeds a predetermined engine speed above which bouncing of intake and exhaust valves of the engine occurs.