Abstract: A vehicle network system employing a controller area network protocol includes a bus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit transmits, via the bus, at least one data frame including an identifier relating to data used for a calculation for obtaining a message authentication code indicating authenticity of transmission content. The second electronic control unit receives the at least one data frame transmitted vis the bus and verifies the message authentication code in accordance with the identifier included in the at least one data frame.

Abstract: A malware detection method for a home network system including one or more home appliances that are connected to a home network includes: obtaining a plurality of setting values including at least information indicating a device type and an operating state of a target device subject to malware detection; selecting one detection model out of a plurality of detection models according to the plurality of setting values obtained; obtaining power consumption or current consumption of the target device; and detecting whether the target device is infected with malware, based on stable power or stable current obtained in the obtaining of the power consumption or the current consumption using the one detection model selected in the selecting, when the power consumption indicates stable power that varies within a predetermined range or the current consumption indicates stable current that varies within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A malware detection method for a home network system including one or more home appliances that are connected to a home network includes: obtaining a plurality of setting values including at least information indicating a device type and an operating state of a target device subject to malware detection; selecting one detection model out of a plurality of detection models according to the plurality of setting values obtained; obtaining power consumption or current consumption of the target device; and detecting whether the target device is infected with malware, using the one detection model selected in the selecting and based on the power consumption or the current consumption obtained.

Abstract: A device monitoring method includes: receiving a message transmitted from a first device to a second device and addressed to the second device; determining whether the message contains a device control command for controlling the second device; if the message contains the device control command, further determining whether to transmit the message to the second device based on a predetermined condition; and when the message is determined to be transmitted to the second device, transmitting the message to the second device. The predetermined condition includes a first condition that the first device is registered as a device having a predetermined function in a device list containing information about whether each of the devices is a device having the predetermined function. The message is determined to be transmitted to the second device when the predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An anomaly detection device (IDS ECU) includes a detection rule generator that monitors a communication establishment frame flowing over Ethernet in a communication establishment phase of service-oriented communication and that generates, for each communication ID, a detection rule including the communication ID written in the communication establishment frame and a server (or client) address written in the communication establishment frame; an anomaly detector that monitors a communication frame flowing over the Ethernet in a communication phase of the service-oriented communication and that, by referring to a detection rule that includes a communication ID written in the communication frame, detects the communication frame as an anomalous frame when a server (or client) address written in the communication frame differs from a server (or client) address included in the detection rule; and an anomaly notifier that provides a notification of an anomaly in response to the anomalous frame being detected.

Abstract: An anomaly detection server is provided. The anomaly detection server is a server for counteracting an anomalous frame transmitted on an on-board network of a single vehicle. The anomaly detection server acquires information about multiple frames received on one or multiple on-board networks of one or multiple vehicles, including the single vehicle. The anomaly detection server, acting as an assessment unit that, based on the information about the multiple frames and information about a frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle after the acquisition of the information about the multiple frames, assesses an anomaly level of the frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle.

Abstract: In an anomaly detection method that determines whether each frame in observation data constituted by a collection of frames sent and received over a communication network system is anomalous, a difference between a data distribution of a feature amount extracted from the frame in the observation data and a data distribution for a collection of frames sent and received over the communication network system, obtained at a different timing from the observation data, is calculated. A frame having a feature amount for which the difference is predetermined value or higher is determined to be an anomalous frame. An anomaly contribution level of feature amounts extracted from the frame determined to be an anomalous frame is calculated, and an anomalous payload part, which is at least one part of the payload corresponding to the feature amount for which the anomaly contribution level is at least the predetermined value, is output.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on a frame to determine conformity of the frame with a first rule. Upon determining that the frame conforms to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits the frame to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the frame to determine conformity of the frame with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes three or more monitors each monitoring, as a monitoring target, at least one of software and a communication log. The three or more monitors include a first monitor operating with a first execution privilege, a second monitor operating with a second execution privilege having a reliability level lower than the first execution privilege, and a third monitor operating with a third execution privilege having a reliability level that is the same as the second execution privilege or that is lower than the second execution privilege. The first monitor monitors software of the second monitor, and at least one of the first monitor or the second monitor monitors software of the third monitor.

Abstract: An unauthorized frame detection device that can keep an unauthorized ECU from spoofing as a legitimate server or client while suppressing an overhead during communication is provided. The unauthorized frame detection device includes a plurality of communication ports corresponding to the respective of networks, a communication controller, and an unauthorized frame detector. The plurality of communication ports are each connected to a corresponding predetermined network among the plurality of networks and each transmit or receive a frame via the predetermined network. The unauthorized frame detector determines whether an identifier of a service, a type of the service, and port information that are each included in the frame match a permission rule set in advance and outputs a result of the determination.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected to a plurality of electronic controllers on-board a vehicle. The gateway device acquires firmware update information, which includes at least a part of updated firmware to be applied to a first electronic controller, patch data, and information indicating where to apply the patch data. When the gateway device determines that the first electronic controller does not include a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation, the gateway device executes a proxy process. In this regard, the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, merges the patch data and existing firmware to create updated boot ROM data with updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM data and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: A module for a vehicle includes: a first communication module that transmits and receives first data to and from a first in-vehicle module; a second communication module that transmits and receives second data to and from a second in-vehicle module; and a control module that controls relay of third data among the first communication module and the second communication module. In a case where reception data received by the control module from the first or second communication module is unauthorized, the control module stops relaying the third data in accordance with a traveling state of the vehicle satisfying a predetermined condition, The traveling state includes: the vehicle being stopped; a vehicle speed being at or below a predetermined speed; brakes being applied; a hazard indicator being on; a driver being in a state capable of driving; and/or self-driving functions being in an off state.

Abstract: A fraud detecting method for use in an in-vehicle network system including a plurality of electronic control units that communicate with each other via a network includes detecting whether a state of a vehicle satisfies a first condition or a second condition, and switching, upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition or the second condition, an operation mode of a second electronic control unit connected to the network. A first mode in which a first type of detecting process for detecting a fraudulent message in the network is performed is switched to a second mode in which the first type of detecting process is not performed upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition. Moreover, the second mode is switched to the first mode upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the second condition.

Abstract: A vehicle monitoring apparatus includes: a first communicator that receives specifying information for specifying a target vehicle from a server; and an acquirer that acquires driving information from the target vehicle, the driving information being information regarding driving of the target vehicle specified by the specifying information received by the first communicator. The first communicator transmits the driving information acquired by the acquirer to the server. For example, the acquirer may acquire the driving information obtained from the target vehicle through communication.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected via network(s) to electronic controllers on-board a vehicle, where at least one of the electronic controllers is implemented in a virtual machine. The gateway device includes one or more memories, and circuitry that acquires firmware update information. The circuitry determines whether a first electronic controller satisfies a second condition based on second information, which is whether the first electronic controller includes a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation. The circuitry also causes, when the second condition is not satisfied, the gateway device to execute a proxy process, where the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, creates updated boot ROM data with the updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: An anomalous vehicle detection server includes an anomaly score calculator that detects a suspicious behavior different from a predetermined driving behavior based on pieces of vehicle information that are received from a plurality of vehicles, respectively, and are each based on a vehicle log including the content of an event that has occurred in a vehicle system provided in the vehicle, and acquires an anomaly score of each of the plurality of vehicles that indicates a likelihood that reverse engineering is performed on the vehicle; and an anomalous vehicle determiner that determines whether one vehicle of the plurality of vehicles is an anomalous vehicle based on the anomaly score of the one vehicle and a statistical value of the anomaly scores of two or more vehicles of the plurality of vehicles.

Abstract: An anomaly handling method using a device installed outside of a vehicle is disclosed. The method includes receiving, from the vehicle, an anomaly detection notification, which includes level information indicating a level affecting safety, and a location of the vehicle. The method also includes obtaining a location of another vehicle and determining whether a distance between the location of the vehicle and the location of the other vehicle is within a predetermined range. When the distance is within the predetermined range and is shorter than a first predetermined distance, not changing the level information and transmitting the received anomaly detection information to the other vehicle. When the distance is within the predetermined range and is longer than or equal to the first predetermined distance, changing to decrement a level indicated by the level information, and transmitting changed anomaly detection information to the other vehicle.

Abstract: An in-vehicle relay device for a vehicle is provided. The in-vehicle relay device includes a first communication circuit that transmits and receives first data to and from a first in-vehicle equipment in the vehicle. A second communication circuit transmits and receives second data to and from a second in-vehicle equipment in the vehicle. A control circuit controls relay of third data among the first communication circuit and the second communication circuit. In a case where reception data received by the control circuit from the first communication circuit or the second communication circuit is unauthorized, the control circuit stops relaying the third data in accordance with a traveling state of the vehicle.