Abstract: A water electrolysis cell includes an anode disposed on one side across a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a cathode disposed on another side. The anode is configured of an anode catalyst layer, an anode gas diffusion layer, and an anode separator, laminated in that order from a side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a channel is provided in the anode separator, and the channel extends in a wave shape.

Abstract: A water electrolysis cell includes an anode disposed on one side across a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a cathode disposed on the other side. The anode is configured of an anode catalyst layer, an anode gas diffusion layer, and an anode separator, laminated in that order from a side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The cathode is configured of a cathode catalyst layer, a cathode gas diffusion layer, and a cathode separator, laminated in that order from the side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A first channel is provided in the anode separator, and a wall face of the first channel in the anode separator is imparted with water repellency. A second channel is provided in the cathode separator, and a wall face of the second channel in the cathode separator is imparted with hydrophilicity.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling a load of a water electrolysis stack in which a plurality of water electrolysis cells including an anode disposed on one side and a cathode disposed on the other side with a solid polyelectrolyte film interposed are stacked and housed. The method includes determining an appropriate load based on a condition of an inside of the water electrolysis stack obtained from at least one of a temperature of the inside of the water electrolysis stack, an electrical resistance, or a water flow rate, and changing application of the load on the water electrolysis stack such that the load is the appropriate load.

Abstract: A composite material includes an aggregate which contains a first metal particle constituting a core and second metal oxide particulates surrounding the first metal particle and having an average primary particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A structure having strong contact with solid particles comprising an assembly formed by secondary aggregation which is further aggregation of aggregates each formed by primary aggregation of primary particles each made of a metal and/or a metal oxide, wherein an average primary particle diameter of the primary particles is in a range from 1 to 100 ?m, and, among void pores formed by the aggregates, a volume of void pores having pore diameters in a range within ±50% away from an average void pore diameter of the void pores is equal to or above 60% of a total volume of the void pores.

Abstract: A composite material includes an aggregate which contains a first metal particle constituting a core and second metal oxide particulates surrounding the first metal particle and having an average primary particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A structure having strong contact with solid particles comprising an assembly formed by secondary aggregation which is further aggregation of aggregates each formed by primary aggregation of primary particles each made of a metal and/or a metal oxide, wherein an average primary particle diameter of the primary particles is in a range from 1 to 100 ?m, and, among void pores formed by the aggregates, a volume of void pores having pore diameters in a range within ±50% away from an average void pore diameter of the void pores is equal to or above 60% of a total volume of the void pores.

Abstract: A molten-salt type catalyst is adapted for purifying particulate materials, which are contained in an exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine and contain carbon. It includes a solid support and a catalytic ingredient. The catalytic ingredient is loaded on the solid support, and includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate, alkali metal nitrate, alkaline-earth metal nitrate and rare-earth nitrate. The molten-type catalyst can efficiently burn and remove the particulate materials even in a low temperature range.

Abstract: A molten-salt type catalyst is adapted for purifying particulate materials, which are contained in an exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine and contain carbon. It includes a solid support and a catalytic ingredient. The catalytic ingredient is loaded on the solid support, and includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate, alkali metal nitrate, alkaline-earth metal nitrate and rare-earth nitrate. The molten-type catalyst can efficiently burn and remove the particulate materials even in a low temperature range.