Abstract: The present invention herein provides an optical waveguide which comprises a cladding and a core formed on a substrate, wherein a refractive index of a material constituting the cladding on the upper side of the core is smaller than a refractive index of a material constituting the cladding on the lateral side of the core and a refractive index of a material constituting the cladding on the lower side of the core; an optical waveguide (an optical waveguide for coupling) which is used for coupling with an optical waveguide (an optical waveguide to be coupled) having a refractive index distribution within a core in the vertical direction, wherein a cladding has a refractive index distribution in the vertical direction; and a method for the preparation thereof. The optical waveguide of the present invention permits the reduction of the coupling loss observed when it is coupled with an optical waveguide whose core is formed by the diffusion technique such as a lithium niobate optical waveguide.

Abstract: Revolving rollers, each provided on an outer peripheral surface thereof with revolving roller grooves extending therearound, are caused to mesh with a rack rod thread of a central rack rod with an axial angle over a lead angle of the rack rod thread and arranged for rotation on a holder member to be twisted. The holder member is rotated round the rack rod by a motor to translate the rack rod. A large thrust can be generated while ensuring a high reliability since a high efficiency is achieved by realizing rolling contact in set points of mesh of the rack rod thread and the revolving roller grooves, points of mesh are made planar, and interference in other points than the points of mesh can be suppressed. Also, play can be restricted by assembling the revolving rollers to the rack rod thread while applying torque in a direction, in which the axial angle is increased.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of enhancing the tolerance of setup positioning error of an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer which uses a multi-mode optical waveguide. For this sake, the invention is designed to couple the multi-mode optical waveguide with a single-mode optical waveguide directly. In another configuration of this invention, there is provided between both optical waveguides a single-mode optical waveguide having its length set to be approximately equal to zero, or equal or approximately equal to the period of interference between the 0th-order mode and a radiative higher-order mode of the single-mode optical waveguide.

Abstract: There is provided a power steering system including an electric motor for generating a steering force in response to an command value, and a controller for generating the command value to the electric motor. Here, the controller generates the command value in correspondence with steering state of wheels, thereby controlling torque or rotation number of the electric motor.

Abstract: In a mechanism for converting rotary motion into linear motion, a large thrust can be generated by arranging a revolving roller provided on an outer peripheral surface thereof with a roller groove, which makes a round, on a holder so as to make the revolving roller mesh with a rack thread of a centrally positioned rack rod, revolving the revolving roller around the rack rod with a motor to translate the rack rod to make a force transmission part linear, and high efficiency is realized by having the rack rod making rolling contact circumferentially and eliminating slippage thereof in an axial direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-frequency switching circuit comprising: two or more high-frequency switches SW1 and SW2 provided correspondingly to a plurality of communication systems having mutually different frequency bands; and a control circuit DEC1 adapted to control the switching of the two or more high-frequency switches SW1 and SW2, in which a common antenna terminal ANT3 and common terminals ANT1 and ANT2 of the respective high-frequency switches SW1 and SW2 are connected via a matching circuit MAT1 having a filtering function capable of allowing passage of direct current. When one path of the high-frequency switch SW1 is turned on, the other paths of the high-frequency switch SW1 and all paths of the high-frequency switch SW2 can be turned off.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnosis apparatus and method for creating image data, wherein a plurality of sets of reference image data is created based on projection data obtained from a plurality of imaging directions to the object after an contrast agent is injected to an object, fluoroscopic image data are created based on projection data obtained from a desired imaging direction to the object, and fluoroscopic roadmap image data are created based on the fluoroscopic image data and reference image data whose imaging direction corresponds to the imaging direction of the fluoroscopic image data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric optical waveguide film whose core and clad are constituted from polymer materials and which is characterized in that a protective layer of a polymer material having resistance to solvent attack higher than that observed for the clad is arranged on at least one of the surface and back face of the waveguide film. The present invention thus permits the preparation of such a film, the clad of which is hardly damaged, which is excellent in the resistance to solvent attack and which never undergoes cracking even when it is bought into contact with a commonly used solvent such as acetone.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical device which has only a small number of ruptures on the edges of the surface and back face of the substrate as well as a method for the preparation of the same.

Abstract: A polymeric optical waveguide substrate includes a first region provided thereon with a polymer optical waveguide and an optical waveguide-free second region, the first and second regions being on the same substrate, wherein an adhesive layer is between the lowermost polymer layer constituting the optical waveguide in the first region and the substrate, and wherein a groove intrudes into the substrate at the boundary between the first and second regions. A method for preparing the waveguide substrate includes the steps of applying an adhesive layer onto the first region while the second region is free of any adhesive layer; applying a polymer onto the whole surface of the substrate to give a polymer layer for forming an optical waveguide following the formation of the adhesive layer; cutting the polymer layer at the boundary between the first and second regions; and peeling off or removing the polymer on the second region.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of enhancing the tolerance of setup positioning error of an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer which uses a multi-mode optical waveguide. For this sake, the invention is designed to couple the multi-mode optical waveguide with a single-mode optical waveguide directly. In another configuration of this invention, there is provided between both optical waveguides a single-mode optical waveguide having its length set to be approximately equal to zero, or equal or approximately equal to the period of interference between the 0th-order mode and a radiative higher-order mode of the single-mode optical waveguide.

Abstract: A region affected by X-ray beam limiting within a fluoroscopic image is specified based on position information on beam limiting by an X-ray beam limiting device. A judgment is made as to whether the region affected superposes a first brightness measuring region (region of interest) within the X-ray fluoroscopic image, and when superposition is not judged, automatic brightness control is performed based on the first brightness measuring region. When superposition is judged, the first brightness measuring region is transformed, and automatic brightness control is performed with reference to a second automatic brightness measuring region that does not superpose the region affected.

Abstract: A raceway surface length of a movable member and a diameter of a rolling body of a motion rolling guide device is determined such that, in a stroke of 2 &kgr; Da of the movable member at which relative positions of the movable member and the respective rolling bodies vary, a ratio (I:I−1) of a range in which number of effective rolling bodies is I and a range of number of effective rolling bodies is I−1 is about 100% to 0% (100%:0%), wherein I=int (2Ux/&kgr; Da+0.5), 2Ux: length of raceway surface of movable member and &kgr; Da: rolling body pitch or retainer pitch.

Abstract: A polymeric optical waveguide substrate comprises a first region provided thereon with a polymer optical waveguide and an optical waveguide-free second region, the first and second regions being present on the same substrate, wherein it comprises an adhesive layer between the lowermost polymer layer constituting the optical waveguide in the first region and the substrate, for improving the adhesion or adhesive properties of them and wherein it has a groove intruding into the substrate at the boundary between the first and second regions.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical element comprising a substrate having provided thereon a coating of an organic zirconium compound, a coating of a fluorine-free polyimide resin and a coating of a fluorine-containing polyimide resin, in this order. The element has increased adhesive property with the substrate and reliability.

Abstract: A changeover valve can be switched to a state in which a normally-open solenoid valve to normally control a control valve for a high speed transmission train controls a control valve for a low speed transmission train. An oil passage to switch the changeover valve this state is connected to an oil passage on an output side of the solenoid valve at a P or R position of a manual valve. When a system failure has occurred while a vehicle is running forward in the D, M position of the manual valve, the high-speed transmission train is established. At the time of the system failure, if the manual valve is switched to the R or P positions the changeover valve is switched to the above-described state. By then switching the manual valve to the D, M position, the low-speed transmission train is established.

Abstract: A changeover valve can be switched to a state in which a second solenoid valve of normally-open type to normally control a second speed-change control valve for a high speed transmission train controls a first speed-change control valve for a low speed transmission train. An oil passage to switch the changeover valve to the state in which the first speed-change control valve is controlled by the second solenoid valve is connected to an oil passage on an output side of the second solenoid valve at a P or R position of a manual valve. When a system failure has occurred while a vehicle is running forward in that D, M position of the manual valve which is a forward running range, the high-speed transmission train is established by a high signal pressure of the second solenoid valve.

Abstract: A raceway surface length of a movable member and a diameter of a rolling body of a motion rolling guide device is determined such that, in a stroke of 2 &kgr; Da of the movable member at which relative positions of the movable member and the respective rolling bodies vary, a ratio (I:I−1) of a range in which number of effective rolling bodies is I and a range of number of effective rolling bodies is I−1 is about 100% to 0% (100%:0%), wherein I=int (2Ux/&kgr; Da+0.5), 2Ux: length of raceway surface of movable member and &kgr; Da: rolling body pitch or retainer pitch.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for that automatic transmission of a vehicle which is provided with speed-change solenoid valves for regulating the hydraulic oil pressures in the hydraulic engaging elements through speed-change control valves corresponding to the hydraulic engaging elements, cleaning work to remove foreign matter in the solenoid valves is performed by varying the opening degree of the speed-change solenoid valves during running of the vehicle without affecting the hydraulic oil pressures in the hydraulic engaging elements. At the time of a line pressure control mode in which the line pressure is reduced below a maximum set pressure, the opening degree of the speed-change solenoid valve is varied within a range in which there is outputted a signal pressure higher than a minimum signal pressure required to fully open a speed-change control valve which corresponds to the hydraulic engaging element of the then-established speed transmission train.

Abstract: A vehicle automatic transmission selectively establishes a plurality of shift ranges through a simultaneous engagement of the two hydraulic coupling elements C1, C2 of the first group and a simultaneous engagement of either one of the two hydraulic coupling elements of the first group and any one of the two or more hydraulic coupling elements C3, B1, B2 of the second group. A fail-safe valve 9 is interposed between an oil passage L3 communicating with the shift control valves 61, 64, 65 other than the shift control valves 62, 63 corresponding to the hydraulic coupling elements C2, C3 that are being intended to establish a predetermined single shift range and an oil supply passage L2. A resultant signal valve is provided that is adapted to output a signal pressure when hydraulic pressures of the two hydraulic coupling elements C1, C2 of the first group are inputted into the resultant signal valve to be found that the hydraulic pressures of the two hydraulic coupling elements C1, C2 increase.