Abstract: A method for treating an influenza virus infection is described. The disclosed method generally involves administering an effective amount of a compound (A), for example baloxavir marboxil, and a compound (B), for example a neuraminidase inhibor, to a subject that (1) has an influenza virus infection, (2) has been symptomatic of the influenza virus infection for no more than 96 hours, and (3) further has at least one severe influenza condition selected from the following: (a) being hospitalized due to severe influenza virus infection, (b) requiring an extension of hospitalization because of the influenza virus infection during the hospitalization, (c) having a National Early Warning Score 2 of four or more, (d) being on support for respiration, and (e) having at least one complication attributable to the influenza virus infection that necessitates hospitalization.

Abstract: A method for treating an influenza virus infection is described. The disclosed method generally involves administering an effective amount of a compound (A), for example baloxavir marboxil, and a compound (B), for example a neuraminidase inhibor, to a subject that (1) has an influenza virus infection, (2) has been symptomatic of the influenza virus infection for no more than 96 hours, and (3) further has at least one severe influenza condition selected from the following: (a) being hospitalized due to severe influenza virus infection, (b) requiring an extension of hospitalization because of the influenza virus infection during the hospitalization, (c) having a National Early Warning Score 2 of four or more, (d) being on support for respiration, and (e) having at least one complication attributable to the influenza virus infection that necessitates hospitalization.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method other than the scavenger function against reactive oxygen species for molecular hydrogen to improve life functions, in the fields of medical science, medical care, health industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries, and an effect of improving mitochondrial function utilizing the same, and an anticoagulation agent, a blood coagulation curing device, a blood coagulation curing method, and a vascular endothelial cell function improving method. Provided is an anticoagulation agent composed of hydrogen gas or an anticoagulation agent composed of water containing molecular hydrogen. Preferably the anticoagulation agent is such that molecular hydrogen improves mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial hydrogenase activity, thereby improving blood clotting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating an influenza virus infection, wherein said method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound to a patient having an influenza virus infection, wherein the compound has one of the formulae (I) and (II), as set forth herein, or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein dosages set forth herein are used.

Abstract: A method for treating an influenza virus infection is described. The disclosed method generally involves administering an effective amount of a compound (A), for example baloxavir marboxil, and a compound (B), for example a neuraminidase inhibor, to a subject that (1) has an influenza virus infection, (2) has been symptomatic of the influenza virus infection for no more than 96 hours, and (3) further has at least one severe influenza condition selected from the following: (a) being hospitalized due to severe influenza virus infection, (b) requiring an extension of hospitalization because of the influenza virus infection during the hospitalization, (c) having a National Early Warning Score 2 of four or more, (d) being on support for respiration, and (e) having at least one complication attributable to the influenza virus infection that necessitates hospitalization.

Abstract: A tetrapyrrole compound is prepared by cultivating bacterial cells of Escherichia coli, which cannot express the gene ypjD (b2611) due to the variation thereof, in a culture medium and obtaining the resulting tetrapyrrole compound having a porphyrin ring structure from the culture medium.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell using lignin and porphyrin as materials is prepared. In the photovoltaic cell, hydrogen ions are liberated using lignin as the material, an alkaline solution, a pyrrole compound such as porphyrin, and optical energy such as ultraviolet rays or sunlight.

Abstract: Herein provided are a lignin-decomposition catalyst and an aromatic hydrocarbon-decomposition catalyst, which contain a porphyrin. Alcohols and organic acids can be isolated or separated from lignin by adding a solution containing an alkaline compound to lignin, optionally acting a lignin-decomposition catalyst on the resulting lignin-alkaline compound-containing solution and optionally irradiating, with light rays, the solution; or by optionally acting a lignin-decomposition catalyst on lignin and then irradiating it with light rays. The decomposition products generated during the isolation of the foregoing alcohols and organic acids are recovered and hydrogen ions are released from lignin.

Abstract: A tetrapyrrole compound is prepared by cultivating bacterial cells of Escherichia coli, which cannot express the gene ypjD (b2611) due to the variation thereof, in a culture medium and obtaining the resulting tetrapyrrole compound having a porphyrin ring structure from the culture medium.

Abstract: A method of producing a probe carrier in which a probe is immobilized to a substrate is disclosed, which comprises providing the substrate and contacting a basic group introduced to the substrate with the probe having an acidic group to thereby immobilize the probe to the substrate. This method enables production of a probe carrier that can reduce the number of steps performed for immobilizing the probe to the substrate and easily immobilize the probe.

Abstract: A distributor-type fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine wherein the plunger has first and second portions with different diameters from each other, defining first and second pump working chambers, respectively. A communication passageway is arranged for communicating the second pump working chamber with fuel delivery passageways leading to respective fuel injection valves of the engine. A drain passageway is arranged for communicating the communication passageway with a zone under a lower pressure of the pump, and is selectively closed and opened by a selector valve. An electronic control unit is responsive to operating conditions of the engine for driving the selector valve to selectively assume closed and open positions. Fuel is pressure delivered to the fuel injection valves from one or both of the first and second pump working chambers, depending upon whether the selector valve assumes the closed position or the open position.

Abstract: A distributor-type fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines includes an injection timing control device operatively connecting to a plunger and actuatable in response to the pressure within a fuel chamber in the pump housing, the plunger having a main discharge port and a preliminary discharge port for a preliminary fuel injection in advance of the next following main injection. The control device has a first member actuatable in response to the pressure within the fuel chamber for effecting a preliminary fuel injection when the pressure is at less than a predetermined value, and has a second member actuatable in response to the pressure with the fuel chamber for preventing the preliminary fuel injection when the pressure is above the predetermined value. Preferably, the predetermined pressure value corresponds to an idling speed of the engine.

Abstract: A central plunger is disposed in the nozzle holder for displacement in unison with the nozzle needle through a whole lifting stroke thereof. The central plunger has an end remote from the nozzle needle slidably fitted in an axial bore formed in the nozzle holder and provided with restriction means. The axial bore is communicated with a fuel inlet port formed in the nozzle holder and connected to an injection pipe extending from the fuel injection pump. The nozzle needle is lifted in unison with the central plunger against increased fuel pressure within the axial bore via the central plunger in addition to the urging force of the nozzle spring, so that it gradually lifts, resulting in reduced combustion noise of the engine, as well as a high valve opening pressure.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, in which a lift-limiting plunger is slidably fitted in a plunger chamber to receive fuel pressure for limiting the lifting amount of a nozzle needle. A back pressure chamber is defined by an end face of the plunger remote from the nozzle needle as part of the plunger chamber. A selector valve is controlled by an electronic control unit to establish communication between the back pressure chamber and a fuel intake passageway during low speed/low load operation of the engine, whereby the nozzle needle is lifted through a limited stroke to obtain a reduced fuel injection rate as well as a prolonged fuel injection period. A pressure inlet chamber permanently communicates with the back pressure chamber and is selectively communicated with the fuel intake passageway and disconnected therefrom by the selector valve, in synchronism with selective establishment and interruption of communication between the back pressure chamber and the fuel intake passageway.