Abstract: An apparatus for rotating a photoreceptor of a given length in its axial direction, comprises a driven system including the photoreceptor and a shaft provided at the axis of the photoreceptor and a driving system including a driving source and a transmission mechanism. The driven system and the driving system are arranged so that the proper oscillation frequency of the driven system is made lower than both the frequency of fluctuation component caused per one rotation of the driving system and the frequency of fluctuation component caused per one tooth of the transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A driving device for a rotational photoreceptor drum for use in an image forming machine, in which a rotational drive from a motor is supplied through a gear train to the axial shaft of the drum. The shaft is connected to the drum only at the side farthest from the gear train. An inertia member is provided within the drum. A rotational member having a rotational resistance is brought in contact with a non-image region of the drum.

Abstract: A process of shaping a thin metal film into a lead frame starts with preparing a thin metal film, an etchant effective against the thin metal film and a photoresist solution resistive to the etchant, followed by coating the entire surface of the thin metal film with the photoresist solution so as to form a multiple level structure having the thin metal film and a photoresist film, and a predetermined pattern is embossed on the multiple level structure so as to break slits in the photoresist film along the periphery of the predetermined pattern, then removing a part of the multiple level structure by using the etchant so that a hollow space is formed therein in the predetermined pattern.