Abstract: [Object] To provide a cell, a cell stack, an electrochemical module and an electrochemical apparatus that can suppress decrease in output power. [Solution] A cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte layer 9, a fuel electrode layer 8 on one of the main surfaces of the electrolyte layer 9, and an oxygen electrode layer 10 on the other. The oxygen electrode layer 10 contains a plurality of pores, and the pore size distribution observed at a section of the oxygen electrode layer has at least three peaks (a first peak p1, a second peak p2 and a third peak p3). This structure leads to a cell, a cell stack, an electrochemical module and an electrochemical apparatus that can suppress decrease in output power.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an area setting unit, a reading unit, a number recognizing unit, and a number determining unit. The area setting unit is configured to set a reading area on the basis of a page number. The reading unit is configured to read image data in the reading area. The number recognizing unit configured to recognize a number from a result of reading by the reading unit. The number determining unit is configured to compare results of recognizing of two consecutive pages by the number recognizing unit, determine the presence of consecutive numbers, and determine one of the consecutive numbers as the page number.

Abstract: An image reading device includes a document transport controller and an operation portion. The document transport controller controls to discharge a document in one of two sheet discharging modes including a first sheet discharging mode in which the document is turned over again after both sides of the document have been read, and a second sheet discharging mode in which the document is discharged without being turned over again. The operation portion accepts an instruction to select one of the first sheet discharging mode and the second sheet discharging mode to discharge the document.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has: pluralities of sheet storage units; a printing unit; a sheet driving unit that feeds a sheet of paper from the sheet storage units to the printing unit; a group setting maintaining unit that forms a group of the sheet storage units; a residual sheet amount detecting unit that detects sheet empty on any of the sheet storage units in the group; a sheet storage switching control unit that controls the sheet driving unit to select another one of the sheet storage units in the same group for feeding a sheet, if the residual sheet amount detecting unit detects the sheet empty; and a sheet empty warning unit that warns a user of the sheet empty detected by the residual sheet amount detecting unit.

Abstract: An image reading device includes a document transport controller and an operation portion. The document transport controller controls to discharge a document in one of two sheet discharging modes including a first sheet discharging mode in which the document is turned over again after both sides of the document have been read, and a second sheet discharging mode in which the document is discharged without being turned over again. The operation portion accepts an instruction to select one of the first sheet discharging mode and the second sheet discharging mode to discharge the document.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit, a save mode setting unit, a reference cost obtaining unit, a minimum monetary-sum extraction unit, and a usage volume setting unit. The minimum monetary-sum extraction unit is configured to extract a minimum monetary sum for each tone from reference costs for a plurality of image forming modes. The usage volume setting unit is configured to: obtain a post-reduction cost where a reduced monetary sum by the save mode is subtracted from the minimum monetary sum; and set reference usage volume as usage volumes for the dark color material and the light color material in the save mode, the reference usage volume being obtained based on the reference costs for the image forming modes corresponding to the post-reduction cost.

Abstract: A mullite-based body including mullite, alumina, and titanium manganese oxide is disclosed. The mullite-based sintered body includes mullite of 79.3 to 85.2 mass %, alumina of 14.2 to 19.8 mass % and MnTiO3 of 0.6 to 1.1 mass %. The mullite-based sintered body has a relative density of 96% or higher. A circuit board and a probe card are also disclosed. The circuit board includes the mullite-based sintered body. The probe card includes the wiring substrate; a surface wiring layer on a surface of the wiring substrate; and a measuring terminal electrically coupled to the surface wiring layers for measuring the electrical characteristics of an electric circuit.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to increase the transfer rate of image data from a host computer to a printing apparatus. To achieve this object, a printing apparatus which divides the printing area in the printhead scanning direction into a plurality of regions and prints in each divided region in order to print by scanning the printhead on the printing medium includes a conversion circuit which rearranges image data that is transmitted from the host computer and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the data arrangement of the printhead, into image data in the same horizontal direction as the data arrangement direction of the printhead.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to increase the transfer rate of image data from a host computer to a printing apparatus. To achieve this object, a printing apparatus which divides the printing area in the printhead scanning direction into a plurality of regions and prints in each divided region in order to print by scanning the printhead on the printing medium includes a conversion circuit which rearranges image data that is transmitted from the host computer and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the data arrangement of the printhead, into image data in the same horizontal direction as the data arrangement direction of the printhead.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to increase the transfer rate of image data from a host computer to a printing apparatus. To achieve this object, a printing apparatus which divides the printing area in the printhead scanning direction into a plurality of regions and prints in each divided region in order to print by scanning the printhead on the printing medium includes a conversion circuit which rearranges image data that is transmitted from the host computer and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the data arrangement of the printhead, into image data in the same horizontal direction as the data arrangement direction of the printhead.

Abstract: A mullite-based body including mullite, alumina, and titanium manganese oxide is disclosed. The mullite-based sintered body includes mullite of 79.3 to 85.2 mass %, alumina of 14.2 to 19.8 mass % and MnTiO3 of 0.6 to 1.1 mass %. The mullite-based sintered body has a relative density of 96% or higher. A circuit board and a probe card are also disclosed. The circuit board includes the mullite-based sintered body. The probe card includes the wiring substrate; a surface wiring layer on a surface of the wiring substrate; and a measuring terminal electrically coupled to the surface wiring layers for measuring the electrical characteristics of an electric circuit.

Abstract: A method is provided for collecting a small blood sample by painlessly puncturing a finger. When the skin of a human being is punctured by a needle or another device at the depth that does not exceed 0.5 mm, pain accompanying the puncture is diminished or decreased. Regardless of an error in the depth of the puncture, the depth of puncture must not exceed this depth. The puncture site is located on the dorsal surface of a finger, in the area from the finger joint (IP joint of thumb, DIP joint of fingers other than thumb) to the proximal nail wall and the area extending from the proximal nail wall to the lateral nail wall.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for removing aldehyde. Specifically, the present invention relates to an aldehyde-removing composition comprising a microorganism belonging to the genus Gluconobacter having aldehyde-degrading activity, or extracts thereof or disrupted cells thereof, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Gluconobacter has higher aldehyde-degrading activity than aldehyde-generating activity.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an area setting unit, a reading unit, a number recognizing unit, and a number determining unit. The area setting unit is configured to set a reading area on the basis of a page number. The reading unit is configured to read image data in the reading area. The number recognizing unit configured to recognize a number from a result of reading by the reading unit. The number determining unit is configured to compare results of recognizing of two consecutive pages by the number recognizing unit, determine the presence of consecutive numbers, and determine one of the consecutive numbers as the page number.

Abstract: A recording apparatus has a buffer for dividing a storage area into a plurality of areas in a scanning direction of a recording head to record data by allowing a carriage loaded with the recording head to scan data on a record medium, and storing the divided image data in a divided area unit, and includes: a write control unit for controlling write address information about image data in the area unit for data of each color for storage of the image data divided in an area unit in the buffer; a read control unit for controlling for data of each color read address information for a read of image data stored in the buffer; and a record data generation unit for generating record data in a unit of the divided area based on the read image data according to the read address information.

Abstract: This invention relates to a printing system, printing method, printing apparatus, and driver capable of printing at high-speed even when a transfer data amount increases. According to the system, in a host apparatus, a compression pattern of image data is generated. Image data corresponding to one print scan of a printhead is compressed by using the generated compression pattern. The generated compression pattern and the compressed image data corresponding to one print scan of the printhead are transferred to a printing apparatus. In a printing apparatus that executes multi-pass printing, the transferred compression pattern and the compressed image data are received. The received compression pattern is stored into a memory as a decompression pattern. The received compressed image data is decompressed by using the stored decompression pattern and stored in a print buffer. Multi-pass printing is executed by scanning the printhead by using the image data stored in the print buffer.

Abstract: A lighting control device for a vehicle lighting device is arranged so that loads applied to switching regulators are about equal when driving multiple semiconductor light sources (e.g., LEDs) as multifunctional lamps through the switching regulators. The LEDs are divided into two groups. The LEDs belonging to the first group are driven to be turned ON through a first switching regulator and the LEDs belonging to the second group are driven to be turned ON through a second switching regulator. Maximum values of power to be supplied to the LEDs are set to be about equal to each other, and loads to be applied to the switching regulators are about equal to each other.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an image forming apparatus utilizing internal paper ejection. An embodiment may include a paper ejection tray disposed on the bottom of a paper ejection space. In some embodiments, the paper ejection tray may include a flat portion, a sloping portion, and/or a protruding portion. In an embodiment, the flat portion of the paper ejection tray may extend substantially horizontally by a predetermined distance downstream from a wall on the upstream side in a paper ejection direction. An embodiment may include a sloping portion that slopes upward downstream from the flat portion. In some embodiments, the protruding portion may slope upward from the flat portion to the front of the apparatus, the top of the protruding portion being higher than an operation panel.

Abstract: To reduce the amount of data transferred from an electronic apparatus to other electronic apparatus, a first compression unit compresses image data in units of m bits with a predetermined pattern to produce first compression data. A second compression unit compresses the first compression data in units of k bits to produce second compression data. And, an output unit outputs the second compression data according to a production order of the second compression data produced from the second compression unit.