Abstract: In the present invention, a partly duplexed conversion table is used as a conversion table for converting an M-bit based data string directly into an N-bit based code string without using margin bits. This conversion table is constituted by first and second sub-tables including plural code groups, respectively. The plural code groups include different codes for the same input data. The second sub-table is a table which is partly duplexed with the first sub-table and is produced by allocating different codes to data from first input data to second input data in the first sub-table. The first and second sub-tables are so designed that code sets of the duplexed portions take variants of digital sum variations which are opposite in sign. Codes are allocated to all the code groups in the duplexed portions of the first and second sub-tables with respect to input data sequentially from a code having a maximum absolute value of variant of the digital sum variation.

Abstract: In the present invention, a partly duplexed conversion table is used as a conversion table for converting an M-bit based data string directly into an N-bit based code string without using margin bits. This conversion table is constituted by first and second sub-tables including plural code groups, respectively. The plural code groups include different codes for the same input data. The second sub-table is a table which is partly duplexed with the first sub-table and is produced by allocating different codes to data from first input data to second input data in the first sub-table. The first and second sub-tables are so designed that code sets of the duplexed portions take variants of digital sum variations which are opposite in sign. Codes are allocated to all the code groups in the duplexed portions of the first and second sub-tables with respect to input data sequentially from a code having a maximum absolute value of variant of the digital sum variation.

Abstract: A signal binary coding circuit and a recording medium reproducing apparatus can binary coding efficiently the input signal sampled by the discrete time, by providing: a subtracting circuit for subtracting direct current components from the sampled value input; a comparator circuit for comparing the output value of said subtracting circuit and a threshold and outputting the binary signal based on said comparison value; an amplitude limiting circuit to amplitude-limit the output value of the subtracting circuit with the fixed value; and a direct current component forming circuit to calculate direct current components from the output value of the amplitude limiting circuit.

Abstract: Only monitor side is caused to have decoding unit portion for bit stream, and reading unit portion for bit stream, decoding unit portion for bit stream and recording unit portion for bit stream are linked by digital network. Reproducing unit is caused to have a function to reproduce bit stream as it is, and recording unit is caused to have a function to record bit stream as it is. Bit stream reproducing unit and bit stream decoding unit of the monitor side, and such reproducing unit and bit stream recording unit are linked by high speed digital network. Thus, in the case where there is constructed a moving picture reproducing system such that a plurality of moving picture reproducing units are connected to one moving picture display unit to utilize source desired to see by selection of switch, cost can be reduced and degradation of the picture quality can be prevented.

Abstract: Mismatch errors occur in the local decoder of a MPEG-standard compressor for a motion picture signal, and in an MPEG-standard expander for a compressed motion picture signal. This is because of the lack of a standard for rounding results of *.5 (* is an integer) obtained when a set of transform coefficients resulting from compressing the motion picture signal is inversely orthogonally transformed. The invention prevents mismatch errors by pre-processing the set of transform coefficients prior to the inverse orthogonal transform. The transform coefficients in the set are summed, and the parity (odd or even) of the sum is judged. When the parity of the sum is judged to be even, the parity of one of the transform coefficients in the set is inverted to provide a parity-inverted transform coefficient. This makes the parity of the sum odd.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing an optical disc in which a light beam radiated from a light source in an optical pickup is radiated to an optical disc and the return light from the disc is detected by a photodetector provided within the optical pickup for reproducing the information signal recorded on the optical disc. A detection output of the return light from the optical disc as detected by the optical pickup is supplied to a waveform equalizer and to a quantity of skew-calculating circuit for detecting the quantity of skew of the optical disc. An output of the waveform equalizer is further supplied to a demodulating circuit. An output of the quantity of skew calculating circuit is inverted in polarity by a polarity inverting circuit and thence supplied to an integrating circuit an output of which is supplied to a control circuit for controlling a correction device for correcting the disc skew.

Abstract: Mismatch errors occur in the local decoder of a MPEG-standard compressor for a motion picture signal, and in an MPEG-standard expander for a compressed motion picture signal. This is because of the lack of a standard for rounding results of *0.5 (* is an integer) obtained when a set of transform coefficients resulting from compressing the motion picture signal is inversely orthogonally transformed. The invention prevents mismatch errors by pre-processing the set of transform coefficients prior to the inverse orthogonal transform. The transform coefficients in the set are summed, and the parity (odd or even) of the sum is judged. When the parity of the sum is judged to be even, the parity of one of the transform coefficients in the set is inverted to provide a parity-inverted transform coefficient. This makes the parity of the sum odd.

Abstract: A multipolar wiggler has magnets that are arranged in two opposed rows. A charged particle beam passes along the rows in the space defined between the two opposed rows. Alternating magnetic fields are produced along the direction of travel of the charged particle beam to cause the charged particle beam to follow a periodically undulating orbit. At least some of the magnets in each of the rows are offset from other magnets in the same row in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the charged particles in a plane parallel to the opposed surfaces of the rows.

Abstract: A hydraulic-controlled electronic governor employed in a fuel injection system is provided with a proportional pressure-reducing solenoid valve (10) capable of conducting a self-regulation of an input hydraulic pressure supplied from a hydraulic pressure source (30). Such pressure-reducing solenoid valve (10) is connected with a control rack (25) for controlling an amount of fuel injection, while interposed between the hydraulic pressure source (30) and a pressure input chamber (28) of a power piston/cylinder mechanism (22) for controlling the control rack (25), so that the input hydraulic force acting on one side of the piston (24) of the power piston/cylinder mechanism (22) balances the resilient force of a return spring (27) acting on the other side of such piston (24) so as to control the control rack (25) in its position.

Abstract: A saddle type dipole coil comprises a pair of elongated ring shaped upper and lower coil layers each having an assembly of coil conductors of series-connected turns. The upper and lower coil layers are opposed each other and disposed on the outer surface of a duct. The end portions of the upper and lower coil layers positioned in a range of a predetermined width are so extended by a predetermined length in the longitudinal direction that the integral value of only sextupole components of a magnetic field is minimized or set nearly zero among the entire multi-pole components of the magnetic field, thereby enabling to make a synchrotron radiation ray generating device with good efficiency of accelerating particles.

Abstract: A plunger assembly within a barrel is transversely split into two segments, with a timing fluid chamber therebetween for controllably varying the distance between the plunger segments in response to pressure applied thereto by a timing fluid introduced under variable pressure through a timing fluid inlet port. As the total length of the plunger assmebly is thus varied controllably, so is its prestroke which is the distance traversed by the plunger assembly on its compression stroke from one extreme position thereof to an intermediate position where the plunger assembly completely covers the fuel inlet port. Not only is the injection timing thus controlled by the injection pump itself, but also a high injection pressure is realized at low engine speed or under light load.