Abstract: In a focus detection device for a camera, a plurality of distance sensors each for detecting a distance to an object in a plurality of areas of a photographing image plane are provided and distance data obtained by the distance sensors for each object in each area is supplied to a main object detection circuit and a normalizing circuit. The normalizing circuit normalizes the distance data into a real number ranging from 0 to 1 and then supplies the same to a neural network. The neural network formed of a single-layered neuron units of which the synapse connection weighting factors are previously obtained by the learning process, calculates a vector difference between the distance data and the synapse connection weighting factors of each neuron unit, detects the minimum vector difference, and outputs position data of a main object corresponding to a neuron unit which gives the minimum vector difference. The position data of the main object is input to a main object detection circuit.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording/reproducing thin film head of the single pole type formed of a magnetic member provided on its main surface with a grooved portion, and a non-magnetic material filled in the grooves of the grooved portion, thin film conductor coils, an inter-layer insulation film and a main magnetic pole film, wherein at least the thin film conductor coils, the inter-layer insulation film and the main magnetic pole film are laminated on the magnetic member to form a return path.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head for perpendicular magnetic recording includes a magnetic member lying on a wear-resistant substrate of a non-magnetic material and defining a return path for magnetic flux. The magnetic member has a main groove formed in one of its principal surfaces in parallel to a sliding surface adapted to face a magnetic recording medium, and a narrow groove formed in the same principal surface and crossing the main groove at right angles thereto. The main and narrow grooves are filled with a non-magnetic material. The magnetic member carries thereon a laminate formed immediately above the intersection of the main and narrow grooves, and consisting at least of a thin-film conductor coil, an interlayer insulating film, a main pole film and a head-protecting film which are formed one upon another. The narrow groove has a width which is larger than that of the main pole film. The magnetic member is connected to the main pole film through a via hole portion.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic head includes a magnetic member having a principal surface formed with a first groove extending in parallel to a sliding surface adapted to face a magnetic recording medium, a non-magnetic material filling the groove, and at least a thin-film conductor coil, an interlaminar insulating film, a main magnetic-pole film and a protective film formed one upon another. The magnetic member being connected to the main magnetic-pole film though a via hole portion. The head has an exposed laminated surface defining the sliding surface. The magnetic member has also a second groove formed in its principal surface, crossing the first groove at right angles thereto, and filled with a non-magnetic material. The conductor coil and films are formed on the magnetic member immediately above the intersection of the first and second grooves. The non-magnetic material in the second groove is exposed in the sliding surface.

Abstract: An image restoration apparatus comprises an image display device for displaying an image estimated as a nondegraded original image, a lens system for focusing the estimated image displayed on the image display device, an image input means for photographing an image focused by the lens system and for receiving the photographed image as image information, a comparing means for comparing the input image information received by the image input means with degraded image information prepared beforehand to obtain a difference therebetween, and a restoring means for performing restoration of an original image by changing the estimated image by using a random number on the basis of the difference calculated by the comparing means.

Abstract: A composite magnetic head is disclosed which is characterized by the fact that a magnetic head slider part and magnetic head core pieces both made of non-magnetic ceramic and provided on each of the opposed surfaces thereof with at least one layer of soft magnetic film produced in the form of sheet and subsequently shaped as required are integrally joined through the medium of glass members interposed between the opposed surfaces so as to give rise to a magnetic gap and an electromagnetic transducer coil is wound on the magnetic head core pieces.

Abstract: A thin-film, perpendicular magnetic recording and reproducing head includes a magnetic substrate having a mechanochemically polished principal surface provided with a plurality grooves filled with a nonmagnetic material and a thin-film conductor coil provided on the polished surface of the substrate. A first insulating layer covering the coil, formed from an inorganic oxide and having a thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 .mu.m is provided therethrough with a via hole which extending to a portion of the surface of the magnetic substrate and a first main pole covers the first insulating layer and extends into the via hole to the surface of the magnetic substrate. A second insulating layer formed from an inorganic oxide covers the first main pole and the first insulating layer and has a finely polished surface in which the first main pole has a finely polished exposed surface. A flat second main pole having a small thickness is provided on the polished surfaces of the first main pole and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A material for thin film magnetic head slider particularly suited for high recording, which is obtained by sintering a mixture consisting essentially of:5 to 45% by weight of titanium carbide component;0.2 to 10% by weight of zirconium oxide;0.05 to 2% by weight of oxide of yttrium;0.2 to 25% by weight of aluminum nitride; and the balance of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 component substituted with 0.5 to 8% by weight being at least one machinability agent selected from the group consisting of oxides of Mg, Ca, B, Ni and Cr and complex oxides thereof.

Abstract: A grooved magnetic substrate including an alumina film layer having a Knopp hardness of 600 kg/mm.sup.2 to 1200 kg/mm.sup.2 charged in at least one groove formed in a surface of a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be Mn-Zn or Ni--Zn base ferrite. The alumina film layer is formed by sputtering.

Abstract: A sintered material for recording/reading (particularly magnetic) head slider is produced by:preparing a powdery mixture which comprises 0.5 to 6.0% by weight of at least one component selected from the component group A consisting of the following elements and compounds thereof, a garnet type compound consisting essentially of erbium oxide and aluminum oxide in amounts of 2 to 12% by weight and 0 (exclusive) to 2 (inclusive) % by weight based on the total composition, respectively, and expressed by the formula Er.sub.3 (Al,Er).sub.2 (AlO.sub.4).sub.3 through (Er,Al).sub.3 Al.sub.2 (AlO.sub.4).sub.3, and the balance being silicon carbide powder:the elements for the component group A being Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Mg, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ba, La, Ce, Gd, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and Cs; andsintering the resultant mass under the application of a high pressure.Further sintering aids of Be, BeO, B and B.sub.4 C may be present. For the garnet type compound, erbium oxide may be used, preferably in combination with alumina.

Abstract: A thin-film, perpendicular magnetic head includes a magnetic recording and reproducing substrate having a mechanochemically polished principal surface that includes a plurality of grooves filled with a nonmagnetic material; a thin-film conducting coil located on the polished surface of the substrate; an insulating layer of inorganic oxide covering the conductor coil and the polished principle surface of the magnetic substrate, this insulating layer including a via hole formed therein and having an exposed surface which is mechanochemically polished; a thin-film main pole on the polished surface of the insulating layer; and a protective overcoat covering the main pole.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium in which a metallic base layer and a magnetic layer are provided on a nonmagnetic nonmetallic substrate, an intermediate layer is additionally formed between the substrate and the metallic base layer in order to improve peeling-off resistance of the metallic base layer for durability against magnetic head contact-start-stop operation. The intermediate layer is a metal oxide layer including at least one of specified elements, or a composite layer made up of the metal oxide layer and a metal or alloy layer including at least one of the same specified elements and formed on the metal oxide layer. The specified element include Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Mn. Oxygen concentration in the oxide layer may decrease toward the metallic base layer. The oxide layer may be replaced by nitride layer of these metals.

Abstract: A process for producing a substrate member for magnetic recording disc with improved surface state free of defects such as micropores and strain due to machining, and improved surface roughness, such substrate being obtained by first forming a glass coating layer on the surface of a substrate of an alumina-based ceramic material containing therein micropores of 5 .mu.m or less and having a relative theoretical density of 90% or above; then, subjecting the glass coating layer on a substrate to the hot isostatic pressing treatment; and further subjecting the surface of the glass coating layer to mechanochemical polishing to a layer thickness in a range of from 3 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m and the surface free from micropores and strain. Glass coating may be done by glazing or vapor deposition like sputtering.

Abstract: A magnetic head slider and a material for it which comprises a sintered body obtained by sintering a raw material powder composed of 65 to 90% by weight of ZrO.sub.2 component containing therein a stabilizer and the balance of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 component, 2% by weight or below of which has been substituted with a binder. The stabilizer is Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO or CeO and the binder is Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or MgO.

Abstract: An improved magnetic recording disc comprising: a substrate member of an alumina-based ceramic material having micropores of 5 .mu.m or below and having a relative theoretical density of 90% or higher; a glass coating layer of a thickness of 3 to 200 .mu.m with a surface roughness (R.sub.z) of 180 angstroms or below, and being free from micropores and strain; a magnetic thin film formed on the surface of the glass coating layer; and a protective film formed thereon.A process for production of the magnetic recording disc comprises: forming a glass coating layer to a thickness of 5 to 220 .mu.m on the surface of an alumina-based ceramic substrate having micropores of 5 .mu.m or below and a relative theoretical density of at least 90%; then subjecting the glass coating layer to mechanochemical polishing to a layer thickness of 3 to 200 .mu.m, to make free from micropores and strain, and to have a surface roughness (R.sub.

Abstract: A recording head slider comprises a slider body having a fluid bearing surface on a primary surface thereof and at least one transducer on at least one side of the slider body, the slider body being made of a sintered body produced by sintering a base composition consisting essentially of 10-40 percent by volume of silicon carbide and the balance being alumina. The base composition may comprise 0.2-10 percent by weight of sintering aids MgO, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, CaO, Er.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3. This slider has high precision machinability and compatibility with recording media.

Abstract: An arrangement for mechanically processing a workpiece having a position detecting pattern or patterns formed thereon has a mechanically processing tool disposed at a predetermined position, a worktable arranged so as to be linearly moved in at least one of the rectangular coordinate X- and Y-axes while holding the workpiece thereon, and a position aligning unit provided with an opto-electric line sensor capable of detecting one of the patterns of the workpiece and issuing pattern detected signals, and an operation/control unit capable of mathematically processing the detected signals from the line sensor to determine a position of the workpiece to be mechanically processed and generating control signals for controlling the movement of the worktable so that the position to be mechanically processed is aligned with the position of the mechanically processing tool. The line sensor may be a CCD type line sensor.

Abstract: A grooved magnetic substrate including an alumina film layer having a Knoop hardness of 600 kg/mm.sup.2 to 1200 kg/mm.sup.2 charged in at least one groove formed in a surface of a magnetic substrate. The magnetic substrate may be Mn-Zn or NiZn base ferrite. The alumina film layer is formed by sputtering.

Abstract: A substrate member for recording disk characterized in that a glass coating film is provided on an alumina base ceramic material having micropores of no larger than 5 microns and a relative theoretical density of no less than 96%, said glass coating film having a surface roughness of no more than 80 angstroms, being substantially pore-free and strain-free on the surface, and having a thickness of 0.3 to 200 microns and a relative difference of no more than 10.sup.-6 /deg in the coefficient of thermal expansion with respect to said base material.

Abstract: A substrate member for recording disks comprises a sputtered film of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 and/or Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 on the surface of an alumina base ceramic material having therein micropores of no more than 5 microns and a relative theoretical density of no less than 96% said sputtered film having a surface roughness of no more than 80 angstroms, being substantially pore-free and strain-free on the surface, and having a thickness of 0.3 to 30 microns.