Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes: a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal material reflecting light having a certain wavelength; and an electrode layer configured to apply a driving voltage to the liquid crystal material, wherein an alignment direction of first liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material is a first direction substantially parallel to a liquid crystal display surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels includes a first liquid crystal display device including a first region for reflecting a light of a first reflection wavelength band and a second region for reflecting a light of a second reflection wavelength band, and a second liquid crystal display device including a third region for reflecting a light of a third reflection wavelength band and a fourth region for reflecting a light of a fourth reflection wavelength band, the second liquid crystal display device being stacked over the first liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a release film which has a release layer on a film substrate, which has excellent long-term preservation stability and yet maintains a stripping performance of the release film, which serves to make inspection for foreign materials easy, and which provides excellent design effect when a print layer is formed. The release film has average luminous reflectance of the release film on the surface of the side on which the release layer is formed being in the range of 0.5-2.5%, spectral reflectance curve of the release film surface on which the release layer is formed having a local minimal value and no local maximal value in the wavelength region in the range of 400-800 nm, reflection hue of the release film on the side on which the release layer is formed satisfying both ?8?a*?8 and ?16?b*?8 in the L*a*b* color coordinate system.

Abstract: A display element includes a plurality of laminated display panels, each display panel having a material to control light sealed between two substrates, wherein at least in part of the display element, there is a portion where the number of the laminated display panels is different, a bent section is formed at the portion where the number of the laminated display panels is different, and electrodes may be provided or may not provided at the bent section.

Abstract: A liquid crystal material is used in which the maximum angle of the optical axis change by liquid crystal molecule when a voltage of one polarity is applied is larger than 45 degrees and a condition of |2Ps·A|>|5(V)Clc·A| is satisfied where Ps (nC/cm2) is the magnitude of the spontaneous polarization per unit area, A (cm2) is the electrode area of the pixel and Clc (nF/cm2) is the liquid crystal capacity per unit area. The transmittance in the liquid crystal part is increased and excellent display can be performed without the provision of a storage capacitor. Consequently, the storage capacitor is unnecessary, so that the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal panel can be increased.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display including a panel using a liquid crystal material having spontaneous polarization, such as ferroelectroic liquid crystal (FLC), having a faster response time suitable to display dynamic images. The FLC has the disadvantage caused by the incomplete memory effect at during driving for displaying “black” in several frames, where the light transmittance is preferably desired zero. The panel in the display are driven signals so that the driving signals are applied across the picture element, where the signals are positively or negatively offset to reference voltage of the panel.

Abstract: Although portions of electrodes in proximity to a driver IC are covered with an insulating film, part of the electrodes is not covered with the insulating film. Thus, this insulating film absent region functions as an external voltage supply region that receives, from the outside, application of a voltage which is different from an output voltage from a driving unit. When the alignment of the initial state is disarranged, an alignment process is performed by short-circuiting all electrodes of the driving unit and applying a voltage from the outside, through the external voltage supply region, whereby the alignment is restored to the initial state with the driving unit being mounted on a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-reflection film which not only has a sufficient anti-reflection properties and sufficient antistatic properties but also reduces color in reflection light, inhibits color unevenness and provides a display device with excellent contrast in a bright place and excellent contrast in a dark place when applied on a display device. The anti-reflection film of the present invention has average luminous reflectance in the range of 0.5-1.5% on a low refractive index layer surface, a difference in the range of 0.2-0.9% between the maximum and the minimum in spectral reflectance on the low refractive index layer surface in a wavelength region of 400-700 nm, absorption loss in average luminous transmittance in the range of 0.5-3.0%, and parallel light transmittance in the range of 94.0-96.5%.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-reflection film which has excellent optical properties at a low production cost. The anti-reflection film of the present invention has a low refractive index hard coat layer having low refractive index particles and a binder matrix which is formed by curing an ionizing radiation curable material on a transparent substrate. It is a feature of the anti-reflection film of the present invention that the low refractive index hard coat layer has two optically distinguishable layers from the transparent substrate side, namely, an intermediate layer and a localized layer wherein the low refractive index particles are localized, and the refractive index and optical thickness of the localized layer are in the range of 1.29-1.43 and in the range of 100-200 nm, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-reflection film which has not only sufficient anti-reflection properties and antistatic properties but also excellent optical properties. The anti-reflection film of the present invention includes an antistatic hard coat layer and a low refractive index layer on a transparent substrate, the antistatic hard coat layer containing conductive particles and a binder matrix, the antistatic hard coat layer including a mixed layer in which the transparent substrate component and the binder matrix blend together with a gradient and a localized layer, the mixed layer being optically indistinguishable and the localized layer being optically distinguishable, and the localized layer having an optical thickness in the range of 50-400 nm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising: a peripheral electrode 31 that is formed around the outside of a display region 1a on a liquid crystal panel 1 and that generates an orientation state that is equivalent to that of the display region 1a; and an inverted electrode 32 that is formed around the outside of the peripheral electrode 31 and that generates an orientation state that has polarity opposite to that of the display region 1a; wherein the peripheral electrode 31 and the inverted electrode 32 have bipectinate construction and are arranged on both sides of a non-oriented buffer region 33. Orientation defects that are generated in a seal are trapped inside the buffer region 33 due to the existence of the peripheral electrode 31 and inverted electrode 32 that have different growth directions, so the orientation defects do not intrude into the display region 1a.

Abstract: The grayscale levels of red, green and blue display data are detected in each sub-frame, and the intensity of incident light on a liquid crystal panel and the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel are adjusted based on the detection result. The transmittance of the liquid crystal panel is adjusted to have maximum transmittance for display data that requires a maximum amount of transmitted light in each of red, green and blue sub-frames, and the intensity of incident light is reduced according to the adjustment result of the transmittance. By reducing the amount of incident light on the display element to the minimum required amount, the power consumed by a back-light is reduced as much as possible while maintaining the display images of the respective colors according to the grayscale levels.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-reflection film which weakens color in reflection light and prevents an occurrence of color unevenness. The anti-reflection film has a value in the range of 0.5-1.5% as an average luminous reflectance, a value in the range of 0.2-0.9% as a difference between the maximum and the minimum of spectral reflectance in the visible light region, a value in the range of 0.5-3.0% as an absorption loss in average luminous transmittance, a value in the range of 0.5-4.0% as a difference between the maximum and the minimum of absorption losses in light transmittance at all wavelengths within the visible light region, and a magnitude relation of Q450>Q550>Q650, where Q450, Q550 and Q650 is an absorption loss in light transmittance of said anti-reflection film at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm 650 nm.

Abstract: A high-contrast reflective liquid crystal display device of a lamination type in which scattering in the focal conic state of cholesteric liquid crystal has been reduced is described. The reflective liquid crystal display device has two or more laminated liquid crystal panels respectively having a liquid crystal layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal having different selective reflection wavelengths and the liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal layer into which the liquid crystal having a longer selective reflection wavelength has been implanted has a smaller orientation regulating force of the liquid crystal layer applied to the panel.

Abstract: A voltage corresponding to desired image data is applied to a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a spontaneous polarization at a predetermined cycle to rewrite the displayed image (period A), and then, all voltages applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal are removed (timing C) to retain the displayed image before the removal (period B). A gate selection period (voltage application period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal) t2 before stopping the voltage application is set longer than a gate selection period (voltage application period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal) t1 in the normal display. Increasing the voltage application period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal provides a sufficient response of the liquid crystal during the gate selection period, thereby realizing high memory ability.

Abstract: A laser driving device includes a storage unit that stores signal patterns for recording-waveform control representing level information of each divided driving signal to drive a laser device on a space and a mark based on the divided driving signals. Also, it includes a pulse generator that generates the reference pulse and the switching pulse based on a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal. The first transmission signal contains timing information for acquiring a reference pulse that represents a timing of repetitively switching between the space and the mark. The second transmission signal contains timing information for acquiring a switch pulse that represents a timing of switching the signals. Among level information for each of the signals in the storage, reference level information is read together with the reference pulse. Other level information after the reference level information is sequentially read for each switching pulse.

Abstract: A display device has a display panel having a first substrate in which a plurality of first electrodes are disposed in parallel, a second substrate in which a plurality of second electrodes crossing the first electrodes are disposed in parallel, and a material layer which is disposed between the first and second substrates and reflects, transmits or absorbs light with a predetermined wavelength according to a write state; first and second drive circuits which drive the first and second electrodes respectively; and a drive control circuit which performs drive control for the first and second drive circuits. When refreshing a display image, the first or second drive circuit, while applying a reset pulse to a plurality of adjacent electrode group of first or second electrodes, scans the electrode group so as to reset the pixels, and the drive control circuit controls to change the direction of scanning.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display element includes: applying a scan signal voltage to N scan electrodes simultaneously selected from among a plurality of scan electrodes formed in parallel on an inner surface of one of a pair of substrates between which a cholesteric liquid crystal selectively reflecting light having a predetermined wavelength is enclosed for a selection time T and applying a reset voltage for resetting the liquid crystal to a plurality of data electrodes formed on an inner surface of the other of the pair of substrates so as to intersect the plurality of scan electrodes when viewed in the normal direction of a substrate surface. The reset voltage is applied in synchronism with the application of the scan signal voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element for displaying images by driving a liquid crystal material, in particular, a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase and relates to electronic paper utilizing the element. The invention provides a liquid crystal display element having improved display quality achieved by suppressing image sticking and electronic paper utilizing the element. The liquid crystal display element includes a pair of substrate disposed opposite to each other and a liquid crystal layer enclosed between the pair of substrates. Interfaces of the pair of substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer are formed to have surface roughness of 1.5 nm or less or, more preferably, 0.8 nm or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, a method of manufacturing the element, and electronic paper having the element. The invention provides a liquid crystal element in which a change in a state of display attributable to an external force can be suppressed, a method of manufacturing the element, and electronic paper having the element. One blue pixel region is surrounded by four wall structures and four polymer layers without any discontinuity. The wall structures are formed on a bottom substrate and are in contact with a top substrate. The polymer layers are formed by injecting a cholesteric liquid crystal and polymeric substances (monomers or oligomers) which are materials different from both of the cholesteric liquid crystal and the wall structures between the top and bottom substrates and polymerizing the polymeric substances.