Abstract: A switching device includes a movable coil which is reinforced by a stiffener to increase the resistance of the movable coil to bending moments. The stiffener may include a nonmagnetic case which surrounds the movable coil. Alternatively or in addition, it may include a resin or other material encapsulating the movable coil.

Abstract: A switching apparatus includes a pair of fixed coils and a pair of movable coils, with one pair being disposed between the other pair. Two of the coils may be connected back to back on opposite sides of a support plate to increase the stiffness of the coils and reduce damage due to impact between the fixed and movable coils. The coils include two sets of coils, each including one of the fixed coils and one of the movable coils. The coil sets can be driven simultaneously or at different times to perform contact opening and closing operation.

Abstract: A switching device includes a movable coil which is reinforced by a stiffener to increase the resistance of the movable coil to bending moments. The stiffener may include a nonmagnetic case which surrounds the movable coil. Alternatively or in addition, it may include a resin or other material encapsulating the movable coil.

Abstract: A switching apparatus for multiphase electric power includes a plurality of switching units corresponding to different phases. Each switching unit includes an operating mechanism having a movable coil disposed between two fixed coils, and a switch portion having a movable contact operatively connected to the movable coil. A separate power supply may be provided for each switching unit to permit individual control of the different phases.

Abstract: A switching assembly includes a switch portion having a fixed electrode and a movable electrode which are separable, a movable portion secured between a movable shaft connected to the movable electrode and a movable coil by a magnetic body, and a fixed portion having a magnetic body disposed radially inside a fixed coil disposed opposite the movable portion, thereby enabling intensification and swift establishment of magnetic fields generated between the coils.

Abstract: A switching apparatus includes a switch, a movable coil, stationary coil members, and a direction-of-conduction setter comprising diodes. The switch has a stationary electrode. The movable coil is fixedly mounted on a movable shaft coupled to the movable electrode. The stationary coil members are opposed to the movable coil. The power supply supplies an excitation current to the coils. The direction-of-conduction setter sets the direction of conduction, in which the excitation current flows from the power supply into the coils, so that the coils will electromagnetically react on each other. This arrangement provides highly efficient electromagnetic driving. Moreover, an opening power supply or closing power supply is required to have only a small capacity.

Abstract: A superconducting deflection electromagnet apparatus for deflecting an electron beam includes a liquid helium reservoir 21 disposed outside of the magnetic shield 11 surrounding the cryostat 4 accommodating the upper and lower liquid helium containers 2 in which coil assemblies 1, 31, 32 are disposed. Preferably, the upper and lower liquid helium containers 2 are supported from the cryostat 4 by means of the thermally insulating support members 5, 6 and 8 whose positions are adjustable by means of the threaded projections 5a, 6a and 8a and the nuts 52, 53, 62, 63, 82, 83 engaging therewith. The nuts secure the respective thermally insulating support members to the cap-shaped fixing members 44, 47, 49 attached to the extensions 43, 45, 49 of the cryostat 4.