Abstract: The invention concerns a method for forming a coating with excellent adhesion, water resistance and appearance which comprises the combination of steps of applying on the hydrophobic surfaces having a surface tension of 35 dyne/cm or less of a substrate a dry surface treatment selected from vacuum plasma treatment, corona discharge treatment and ozonization treatment, coating thus treated surfaces with a dispersion type aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous varnish of at least one aqueous resin whose 1 wt % deionized water solution has a surface tension of 51 dyne/cm or less and which has a water tolerance of 4 or more, and water insoluble resin uniformly dispersed in fine particles in said varnish, the water insoluble resin having a SP value which is 1.0 to 2.2 lower than that of said aqueous resin, and baking the coating. The present method is specifically useful in the coating of automobile bodies, appliances and other high-quality products.

Abstract: Aqueous coating composition comprising water insoluble resinous powder, aqueous resin, pigment and other optional additives including hardener, characterized by the fact that said water insoluble resinous powder is composed of a polymer obtained by reacting a mixture of epoxy resin and a resin having epoxy reactive functional groups, or a resin having both epoxy groups and epoxy reactive functional groups, with an amine in an amount sufficient to cause ring-opening of 10 to 50% of the total epoxy groups, or composed of carboxyl bearing resin admixed and reacted with high boiling basic compound. These compositions are excellent in storage stability, application characteristics and film performance.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition which comprises a carboxy group-containing resin powder (I), a basic compound (II) and an aqueous resin (III), optionally with a reactive compound (IV) to at least one of the resin powder (I) and the aqueous resin (III), in an aqueous medium, the basic compound (II) being contained in an amount of 0.4 to 1.2 equivalents to the carboxy group in the resin powder (I) so as to disperse the resin powder (I) into the aqueous medium and the weight proportion of the resin powder (I) and the aqueous resin (III) being from 2:98 to 98:2. The coating composition thus obtained is excellent in storage stability and workability and can provide a coating film having good performances.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition comprising, as film-forming components, at least one water soluble resin and at least one water-insoluble finely pulverized resin, one of said water soluble resins having certain specified tolerance and surface tension properties. This coating composition is very stable, shows excellent working properties, such durability and exhibits other desirable properties, and is useful as a coating, especially in the automobile industry.