Abstract: An electrolytic cell capable of simply electrolyzing carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen with low activation energy, and an electrolytic device. The carbon dioxide electrolytic cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid electrolyte having oxide ion conductivity. The cathode is the following (A) or (B); (A) a metal and a first mayenite-type compound are included therein or (B) a metal and a second mayenite-type compound are included therein, said second mayenite type compound including a mayenite type compound having electron conductivity.

Abstract: There is disclosed a coaxial lightning arresting structure comprising an inner conductor, an outer conductor surrounding the inner conductor and an arrester tube located between the inner and outer conductors perpendicularly to the direction of transmission and connected at its ends to the inner and outer conductors, respectively. The portion of the outer conductor provided with the arrester tube has an equivalently substantially increased inner diameter as compared with the other portions of the outer conductor so that the ratio of the inner diameter of the outer conductor portion having said increased diameter to the inner conductor outer diameter is greater than the ratio of the outer conductor inner diameter at the other portions thereof to the inner conductor outer diameter which latter ratio provides the coaxial transmission line with a given characteristic impedance.

Abstract: There is disclosed a coaxial lightning arresting structure comprising an inner conductor, an outer conductor surrounding the inner conductor and an arrester tube located between the inner and outer conductors perpendicularly to the direction of transmission and connected at its ends to the inner and outer conductors, respectively. The portion of the inner conductor provided with the arrester tube has a reduced effective sectional area as compared with the other portions of the inner conductor so that the ratio of the outer conductor inner diameter to the outer diameter of the inner conductor portion having the reduced effective sectional area is greater than the ratio of the outer conductor inner diameter to the inner conductor outer diameter at the other portions of the inner conductor which latter ratio provides the coaxial transmission line with a given characteristic impedance.

Abstract: A gas filled surge arrester which has an extremely fast response to rapidly increasing surge voltages. A pair of electrodes define a discharge gap which is held in the range of 0.02 mm to 0.25 mm. A high electron emission ability substance partially fills a cavity in each electrode. At least a pair of conductors are associated with each electrode. The conductors define a discharge gap with the opposite electrode. The gap is held in the range of 0.02 mm to 0.30 mm. A gas made up of one or more of the noble gases and hydrogen fills the arrester. The hydrogen is held in the range of 0.1% to 20% of the total volume of the gas in the arrester.

Abstract: A gas-filled surge arrester includes a pair of electrodes extending inwardly of an insulating spacer. The electrodes have end faces which are aligned oppositely within the insulator to define an arc or discharge gap therebetween. Each of the electrodes includes at least one cavity formed in the end face thereof adjacent and extending away from the discharge gap. The cavities are lined with a substance of relatively high electron emission ability.