Abstract: The present invention offers a forward osmosis composite hollow fiber membrane module having hollow fiber bundles comprising a plurality of hollow fibers, the hollow fibers having a separation layer composed of a macromolecular polymer thin film provided on the inner surface of a microporous hollow fiber supporting membrane, wherein the membrane area of the hollow fiber bundle is at least 1 m2, and a variation coefficient for the average thickness of the separation layer in the radial direction and the lengthwise direction of the hollow fiber bundles, as calculated by a method of measuring the mass of the separation layer portion in a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of the separation layer in the thickness direction, is 0% to 60%.

Abstract: The present invention offers a forward osmosis composite hollow fiber membrane module having hollow fiber bundles comprising a plurality of hollow fibers, the hollow fibers having a separation layer composed of a macromolecular polymer thin film provided on the inner surface of a microporous hollow fiber supporting membrane, wherein the membrane area of the hollow fiber bundle is at least 1 m2, and a variation coefficient for the average thickness of the separation layer in the radial direction and the lengthwise direction of the hollow fiber bundles, as calculated by a method of measuring the mass of the separation layer portion in a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of the separation layer in the thickness direction, is 0% to 60%.

Abstract: An antireflection film comprising silica particles and at least one binder compound, which has a silica particle content of 30% by weight or more, an arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) of not more than 2 nm, and a surface silicon atom content of 10 atom % or more.

Abstract: A power supply device for vehicles is disclosed, which device includes a backup unit to the power supply as an auxiliary power supply employing a capacitor unit formed of plural capacitors. The auxiliary power supply includes a power supply section allowing the capacitor unit to power an electronic controller, and a compulsory operating section for operating the power supply section. An operating status of the power supply section is monitored even when a battery operates normally, so that the power supply device for vehicles with higher reliability and improved safety is obtainable.

Abstract: A power supply device has a capacitor unit in which capacitors are interconnected in series, a charging unit for charging the capacitor unit at a constant current, a detecting unit for detecting voltage on the high potential side of each of the capacitors, a determining unit for determining the existence of an abnormality based on the voltage detected by the detecting unit. The determining unit determines the abnormality when the difference between respective voltages on the high potential sides of some adjacent capacitors exceeds upper-limit voltage value Va, when the difference is lower than lower-limit voltage value Vb, or when a voltage is negative.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus for a vehicle. An electronic controller outputs information for controlling braking of a vehicle. A battery supplies electric power to a brake via the electronic controller. A power supply backup unit as an auxiliary power supply includes a capacitor unit formed of a plurality of capacitors and a detection unit for detecting an abnormality in the capacitor unit, and supplies electric power to the brake when the battery is in an abnormal state. In charging or discharging the capacitor unit, the detection unit measures an internal resistance value of the capacitor unit, and measures an internal capacitance value from the rate of change of voltage per unit time. The detection unit judges whether or not the capacitor unit is in a normal state based on the internal resistance value and the internal capacitance value.

Abstract: An antireflection film comprising silica particles and at least one binder compound, which has a silica particle content of 30% by weight or more, an arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) of not more than 2 nm, and a surface silicon atom content of 10 atom % or more.

Abstract: A silica-containing laminated structure comprising a transparent thermoplastic resin substrate and, laminated thereon, at least one porous silica layer having a refractive index of 1.22 or more and less than 1.30, wherein the at least one porous silica layer is comprised of a plurality of moniliform silica strings, each comprising a plurality of primary silica particles which are linked in rosary form, and wherein the pores of the at least one porous silica layer include pores (P), each of pores (P) having a pore opening area which is larger than the average value of the respective maximum cross-sectional areas of the primary silica particles, wherein the pore opening areas of pores (P) are measured with respect to the pore openings in the surface or cross-section of the porous silica layer.

Abstract: An active noise control system includes a source unit for generating regenerative signals, an ANC unit for processing signals so as to actively cancel noise, sensors for detecting the information on the inside and outside of a vehicle, a vehicle interior voice discriminating unit for discriminating voice of conversation generated in the vehicle interior, an amplifier for amplifying the signals processed by ANC unit and reproducing transducers for reproducing the signals amplified by the amplifier.

Abstract: An active noise control system for reducing road noise of low frequency generated inside the cabin of a vehicle is provided. The active noise control system includes a noise detector, a signal generator for processing the input noise signal to generate a signal for producing noise canceling waves, a limiting amplifier having a specified threshold value for variably amplifying the processed signal so that the amplitude of output signal will not exceed the threshold value, and an electrical acoustic converter for producing noise canceling acoustic waves in accordance with the output signal.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus for a vehicle. An electronic controller outputs information for controlling braking of a vehicle. A battery supplies electric power to a brake via the electronic controller. A power supply backup unit as an auxiliary power supply includes a capacitor unit formed of a plurality of capacitors and a detection unit for detecting an abnormality in the capacitor unit, and supplies electric power to the brake when the battery is in an abnormal state. In charging or discharging the capacitor unit, the detection unit measures an internal resistance value of the capacitor unit, and measures an internal capacitance value from the rate of change of voltage per unit time. The detection unit judges whether or not the capacitor unit is in a normal state based on the internal resistance value and the internal capacitance value.

Abstract: A power supply device for vehicles is disclosed, which device includes a backup unit to the power supply as an auxiliary power supply employing a capacitor unit formed of plural capacitors. The auxiliary power supply includes a power supply section allowing the capacitor unit to power an electronic controller, and a compulsory operating section for operating the power supply section. An operating status of the power supply section is monitored even when a battery operates normally, so that the power supply device for vehicles with higher reliability and improved safety is obtainable.

Abstract: An active noise control system for reducing road noise of low frequency generated inside the cabin of a vehicle is provided. The active noise control system includes a noise detector, a signal generator for,processing the input noise signal to generate a signal for producing noise canceling waves, a limiting amplifier having a specified threshold value for variably amplifying the processed signal so that the amplitude of output signal will not exceed the threshold value, and an electrical acoustic converter for producing noise canceling acoustic waves in accordance with the output signal.

Abstract: A sound reproduction system suitable for automobile, the reproduction system having a band-pass filter, a phase-shifter for shifting the output of the band-pass filter and a mixer which mixes the output of the phase-shifter with the original audio signal at a suitable mixing ratio, whereby a low frequency standing wave which is generally produced in the small automobile room may be eliminated, thereby providing a desirable frequency response characteristic.