Abstract: A liquid developing method that uses a highly-concentrated liquid developing agent to develop an electrostatic latent image. A highly-concentrated liquid developing agent with a viscosity of 100 to 1,000 mPa.s can be used. Therefore, a film of developing agent from 5 to 40 &mgr;m thick can be formed on the surface of the developing roller or developing belt and this provides a soft contact with the photosensitive member surface where the electrostatic latent image has been formed. If the surface of the photosensitive member does not have good release properties, a film of pre-wet liquid can be formed on the surface of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A mounting structure for a power window apparatus including an outer panel, an inner panel, a regulator, a window glass, a motor, and a seal member. The inner panel is separated from the outer panel by a predetermined distance and has a through bore. The regulator has a movable arm, which is arranged in a space formed between the outer panel and the inner panel. The window glass is fixed to the movable arm. The motor is connected to the regulator to drive the movable arm and open and close the window glass. At least a portion of the motor is arranged in the inner panel. The seal member is arranged between the motor and the inner panel to close the through bore.

Abstract: An automatic soldering mechanism is for jetting a solder jet flow to a printed-circuit board to carry out a soldering of the printed-circuit board. The automatic soldering mechanism comprises a solder tank for storing a molten solder and a solder jetting nozzle section for jetting the solder jet flow higher than a melt surface of the molten solder within the solder tank in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A liquid developing method and a liquid developing apparatus that use a highly-concentrated liquid developing agent to develop an electrostatic latent imageA highly-concentrated liquid developing agent with a viscosity of 100 to 1,000 mPa.s can be used. Therefore, a film of developing agent from 5 to 40 .mu.m thick can be formed on the surface of the developing roller or developing belt (510) and this provides a soft contact with the photosensitive member surface where the electrostatic latent image has been formed. If the surface of the photosensitive member does not have good release properties, a film of pre-wet liquid can be formed on the surface of the photosensitive member (10).

Abstract: A process for producing a polymer having sulfonic acid groups is provided which comprises treating a polymer having sulfonate salt groups with a ion-exchange resin to change the sulfonate salt groups into sulfonate acid groups with porous-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin. A process for producing a tertiary alcohol is also provided which comprises hydration of olefin by use of the aforementioned polymer as the catalyst. By the process, a tertiary alcohol is produced by hydration of olefin with high selectivity at low cost.

Abstract: A lactone is prepared by catalytically hydrogenating a dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a functional derivative thereof in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the elements of group VIII of the periodic table or a combination of said metal with an element selected from the elements of groups IVa, VIb and VIIb of the peridic table, and further in the co-presence of an alkali metal salt or an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Ethanol is prepared with high selectivity by the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A trans-[hydridocarbonyl tris(triorganic phosphine) rhodium (I)]is produced by reducing a trans-[chlorocarbonyl bis(triorganic phosphine) rhodium (I)]with a tetrahydroborate in the presence of a triorganic phosphine in a solvent by heating, an improvement characterized in that the reduction is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide or a mixture of more than 50 vol. % of carbon monoxide and an inert gas and the reaction mixture if cooled to O.degree. to 30.degree. C. in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide or a mixture of more than 50 vol. % of carbon monoxide and an inert gas and the crystal is separated. The trans-[hydridocarbonyl tris(triorganic phosphine) rhodium (I)]having high purity is obtained at high yield.

Abstract: An organic tri-substituted phosphine having a boiling point of at least 200.degree. C. and a reaction medium having a boiling point of at least 200.degree. C. are used in a hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst. The concentration of the organic phosphine is 5.times.10.sup.-4 to 0.3 mol. per 1 liter of the reaction medium. The reaction medium is distilled at lower than 80.degree. C. under a reduced pressure and the bottom residue as the catalyst solution is recycled. The hydroformylation can be repeated by using the bottom residue as the catalyst solution.

Abstract: An alcohol is produced from a compound having an alkenyl group by a hydroformylation of said compound having an alkenyl group in a substantially water immiscible solvent in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst which is soluble in said solvent and a hydrogenation of the reaction mixture in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.Water is added at a ratio of 0.5 to 30 times by weight base on an aldehyde produced by said hydroformylation before said hydrogenation, and an organic phase containing the hydroformylation catalyst component is separated from a water phase containing the alcohol produced by said hydrogenation and said organic phase is recycled into said hydroformylation.The compound having an alkenyl group is an aliphatic olefin, a hydroxyolefin, and olefin ether or an olefin ester and the corresponding saturated alcohol having one more carbon atom is produced.

Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of russet type Japanese pear tree that has strong tree vigor and a strong resistance to black spot disease. This pear tree bears large size fruit, the harvesting stage of the fruit being mid to late in season after the ‘Hosui’ cultivar. This pear tree bears large size fruit having excellent quality, such as being highly sweet and weakly acidic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Japanese pear tree bearing fruit with yellow-reddish-brown skin; having good vigor, a stout shoot, high resistance to black spot disease, and high productivity. This tree produces circular-shaped fruit which mature late in the season (i.e., from the middle to end of October), in the central part of the Kanto district of Japan. This fruit is large, with an average weight of 607 g. The white flesh is soft, crisp, and very juicy. This flesh has a moderate Brix (the pH of the juice being about 4.32) and no aromatic flavor: thus, it possesses excellent dessert quality.