Abstract: An optical connecting device includes a substrate including an optical waveguide, and a connecting portion provided on the substrate and optically connecting to the optical waveguide. The connecting portion includes a base provided with a groove that fixes an optical fiber and a 90 degrees optical path conversion mirror disposed to face an end of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical connecting device includes a substrate including an optical waveguide, and a connecting portion provided on the substrate and optically connecting to the optical waveguide. The connecting portion includes a base provided with a groove that fixes an optical fiber and a 90 degrees optical path conversion mirror disposed to face an end of the optical fiber.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical waveguide interconnection board, including: optical input and output ports; at least one optical waveguide corresponding to an optical circuit pattern; and at least one light direction-changing element each of which is disposed between one of the optical input port and the optical output port and one of the at least one optical waveguide or, when the optical waveguide interconnection board has two or more optical waveguides, between two of the optical waveguides, and which comprises at least one of at least one light direction-changing element A that changes the direction of light in a plane parallel to a plane of the optical waveguide interconnection board and at least one light direction-changing element B that changes the direction of light to a direction having an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the plane of the optical waveguide interconnection board.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical waveguide interconnection board, including: optical input and output ports; at least one optical waveguide corresponding to an optical circuit pattern; and at least one light direction-changing element each of which is disposed between one of the optical input port and the optical output port and one of the at least one optical waveguide or, when the optical waveguide interconnection board has two or more optical waveguides, between two of the optical waveguides, and which comprises at least one of at least one light direction-changing element A that changes the direction of light in a plane parallel to a plane of the optical waveguide interconnection board and at least one light direction-changing element B that changes the direction of light to a direction having an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the plane of the optical waveguide interconnection board.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide a photoelectric converter for wireless communication that functions as the center of a base station for providing a base station which is simple, can be manufactured at low cost and meets sufficient performance in a high frequency band. Therefore, a photoelectric converter for wireless communication according to the invention is provided with an n-type DBR mirror layer as a first mirror, an active layer area and a p-type DBR mirror layer as a second mirror composing a cavity together with the n-type DBR mirror layer respectively sequentially laminated on an n-type substrate, VCSEL in which an electrode on the side of p and an electrode on the side of n are provided, a channel that transmits light laminated on VCSEL and MESFET composed of a gate electrode as a mirror electrode composing a cavity together with the n-type DBR mirror layer of VCSEL, a source electrode and a drain electrode.

Abstract: In a process for forming a passivation film on the surface of a photoelectric conversion device having a junction between hydrogenated amorphous silicon and a conductive electrode, the passivation film is formed by the steps of forming a first passivation film of silicon oxide on the surface of the photoelectric conversion device and then forming a second passivation film of silicon nitride on the first passivation film. In this process, the first passivation film is formed under an atmosphere of a mixed gas prepared by mixing an excess of a gas containing oxygen with silane gas in accordance with the plasma CVD method.

Abstract: A photoelectric converting device for use in an image pickup device is designed to obtain same photoelectric current from all photoelectric conversion elements which are disposed in array to form the photoelectric converting device. Variation in the quantity of incident light emitted from a light source on each element is compensated by intentionally varying the photoelectric conversion efficiency of each of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements corresponding to its position in the array so that same photoelectric current flows through each element.

Abstract: An improved photoelectric converting device in a layered structure comprising a base board, a plurality of divided electrodes, a photoelectric film and a common electrode is disclosed, wherein the improvement consists in that the width of a photoelectric current lead-out portion extending from each of the divided electrodes is dimensioned less than that of the body constituting the latter whereby an area of an intersected part formed by a combination of the divided electrodes and the common electrode, i.e., an area of each of light beam receiving sections becomes relatively constant among them, resulting in substantial reduction of an effect of unevenness or irregularity along the end part of the common electrode on image reproductivity of the respective light beam receiving sections.

Abstract: An improved image pick-up apparatus for use in a facsimile equipment, phototelegraphic apparatus or the like is disclosed which enables these equipment and apparatus to have a reduced height with the aid of light beam passage changing devices such as mirrors. In this apparatus light beam is first emitted to the surface of an original manuscript from a light source and then the light beam after being reflected on the surface of the manuscript advances to photoelectric converting elements of an elongated photo sensor by way of the light beam passage changing device which serves to direct the light beam reflected on the surface of the manuscript to the photoelectric converting elements in such a manner that the optical axis of an optical system such as a light beam condensing optical fiber for building an image on the latter is directed substantially in parallel with the surface of the original manuscript.

Abstract: An elongated light receiving element is formed with a plurality of parallel one dimensional light receiving arrays or lines, each of which is lead out from a substrate. Each line is tested to determine which line or lines are free of defects, and the remaining lines are disconnected from the power source. The device serves to increase the production yield of such devices, which are prone to defects when manufactured in large sizes.

Abstract: A thin film image pickup element which consists of a photoelectric converter including a transparent electrode, a semiconductor layer, an opaque electrode and first insulator layer, and a switching element including first and second upper electrodes, another semiconductor layer, a gate electrode and a passivation film covered on the gate electrode. A two-dimensional thin film image pickup device consists of a plurality of such thin film image pickup elements by stereoscopically laminating a plurality of photoelectric converters and switching elements with the back surface used as wiring region. The device can read two-dimensional original documents without using a reducing optical system.

Abstract: A thin film image pickup element which consists of a photoelectric converter including a transparent electrode, a semiconductor layer, an opaque electrode and first insulator layer, and a switching element including first and second upper electrodes, another semiconductor layer, a gate electrode and a passivation film covered on the gate electrode. A two-dimensional thin film image pickup device consists of a plurality of such thin film image pickup elements by stereoscopically laminating a plurality of photoelectric converters and switching elements with the back surface used as wiring region. The device can read two-dimensional original documents without using a reducing optical system.

Abstract: A manuscript reader comprises an amorphous silicon film sandwiched between at least one transparent electrode and a plurality of metal electrodes formed on an insulating substrate. If the reader includes a plurality of sensors, the detection circuitry can vary a comparison threshold level during the course of one scanning operation.

Abstract: A thermal head reading/writing device includes a thin-film transistor element which may be switchably operated for printing in response to the variation of a signal voltage applied to a gate electrode.

Abstract: A charge level sensor in which the distance between the sensor and a sample to be sensed is maintained constant and the sensor is entirely protected from strain or contamination by foreign matter and is reduced in size. A rotary drum of aluminum is provided with plural recesses therein in which are disposed charge sensors, preferably MOS FET's. Holes are formed though the substrate leading into the recesses through which pass lead wires coupled to the sensors. The surface of the substrate, including the sensors, is covered by an electric-charge retaining layer such as a photosensitive material or a dielectric material.