Abstract: A braking force distribution control device for an automotive vehicle is designed to make it possible to initiate a braking force distribution control as rapidly as possible upon rapid braking operation while at the same time being capable of preventing a malfunction of the braking force distribution control even when one of hydraulic pressure lines fails. The braking force distribution control establishes a predetermined relationship between the wheel cylinder pressure of a front wheel and a wheel cylinder pressure of a rear wheel on the basis of a comparison between the wheel speeds of the front and rear wheels. The braking force distribution control is initiated when the decelerations of all the wheels exceed a set value.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for detecting a difference in level on a road, wherein an acceleration sensor is provided for detecting an acceleration of a vehicle, and a wheel speed sensor is provided for detecting a wheel speed of at least one wheel of the vehicle. A wheel acceleration is calculated continuously on the basis of the wheel speed detected by the wheel speed sensor. It is determined if a variation of the signal output from the acceleration sensor is greater than a predetermined range. And, it is determined if the calculated wheel acceleration varied in the same direction as that of the variation of the signal output from the acceleration sensor, and then varied in the reverse direction to exceed a predetermined reference value. On the basis of the result of each determination, it is determined if the wheel ran over the difference in level on the road. If the affirmative result is obtained in each determination, the difference in level on the road can be detected.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake pressure controller and method for pressure increase in a wheel cylinder of a hydraulic brake pressure controller is adapted to obtain favorable ABS control performance in light of the vehicle driving road surface and the stepping force of the brake pedal involves adjusting the pressure increase output time of the pulse pressure increase from a master cylinder to the wheel cylinder based on the pressure differential between the master cylinder hydraulic pressure and the wheel cylinder hydraulic pressure of each wheel cylinder. The wheel cylinder hydraulic pressure of each wheel cylinder is calculated based on an estimated vehicle deceleration obtained from an estimated vehicle speed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an unpaved road detection system wherein a slip rate is calculated on the basis of wheel speeds detected by wheel speed sensors and a vehicle speed detected by a vehicle speed detection device. A linear acceleration sensor is provided for detecting an acceleration of the vehicle in a longitudinal direction thereof to produce a signal linearly proportional to the detected acceleration. A variation of the signal produced by the linear acceleration sensor corresponding to the variation of the slip rate is calculated. The variation of the signal is compared with a reference value. If the variation exceeds the reference value, it is determined that the vehicle is traveling on an unpaved road.

Abstract: A ruminant feed additive composition containing (A) lysine magnesium phosphate, (B) magnesium oxide, (C) a binder and (D) water, said water content being between 5 and 15% by weight, and processes for producing the composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an anti-skid control system wherein at least a pressure decrease mode for decreasing a hydraulic braking pressure and a pulse pressure increase mode for intermittently increasing the hydraulic braking pressure, with a pressure increasing signal provided in accordance with the braking condition of a vehicle. Peaks of the wheel speed in the pulse pressure increase mode are detected continuously on the basis of a variation of a wheel acceleration relative to a vehicle acceleration. Then, the time when each peak of the wheel speed was detected is set as a rise timing of the pressure increasing signal in the pulse pressure increase mode, and a time period for which the pressure increasing signal outputs is adjusted, on the basis of a variation of the rotating condition of the wheel at the time when the peak of the wheel speed was detected.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for estimating the peak of a coefficient of friction in a coefficient of friction—slip rate characteristic, wherein a wheel acceleration of each wheel of a vehicle is detected, and a vehicle acceleration of the vehicle is detected. A peak estimation device is provided for estimating the peak of the coefficient of friction, and adapted to determine that the coefficient of friction is the peak when the wheel acceleration is lower than the vehicle acceleration, by more than a predetermined difference. An anti-skid control system for an automotive vehicle may be formed to include the coefficient of friction peak estimation apparatus, and a reference speed setting device for setting a reference speed for initiating a pressure decrease mode on the basis of a wheel speed and a vehicle speed detected when the peak was detected.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a hydraulic braking pressure control system which includes wheel brake cylinders, a pressure generator for supplying a hydraulic braking pressure to the wheel cylinders through two hydraulic pressure circuits, and a pressure control device disposed in the two circuits, between the pressure generator and the wheel cylinders, for controlling the hydraulic pressure in each of the wheel cylinders. The system further includes wheel speed sensors for detecting wheel speeds of the road wheels, respectively, and a braking force controller which controls the braking force by actuating the pressure control device in accordance with control modes provided in response to output signals of the wheel speed sensors.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling a braking force applied to each of front and rear road wheels of a vehicle depending upon a braking condition, with a hydraulic braking pressure supplied to each of the wheel brake cylinders through an actuator. The actuator is controlled by a braking force controller into which output signals of wheel speed sensors are fed. On the basis of the wheel speeds detected by the sensors, an estimated vehicle speed is calculated, and then a varying rate of the estimated vehicle speed is calculated. Furthermore, a wheel speed differential between the front and rear road wheels (or, a wheel slip rate differential therebetween) is calculated. Only when the wheel speed differential (or, the wheel slip rate differential) exceeds a predetermined value, the varying rate of the estimated vehicle speed is compared with a standard rate to estimate a coefficient of friction of the road surface.

Abstract: A method for the solid-liquid separation of a suspension of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (.alpha.-APM) or its hydrochloride salt (.alpha.-APM.HCl), wherein an aqueous suspension of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester or its hydrochloride salt is subjected to continuous separation by vacuum filtration.

Abstract: In crystallizing .alpha.-APM from a water solution or a mixed solvent solution of water and a lower alcohol in a crystallizer, the pressure in the crystallizer is held at not higher than atmospheric pressure, a water or water/alcohol mixed solution of .alpha.-APM is fed into the crystallizer with stirring so that the solvent is vaporized, and the crystallization solution is cooled and crystallized by the latent heat of vaporization or is heated so as to prevent supercooling.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid from the mother liquor obtained by the solid-liquid separation of a suspension of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester crystals is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing .varies.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (.varies.-APM.HCL) from a reaction mixture of N-formyl-L-aspartic acid anhydride and L-phenylalanine methyl ester (PM), wherein .alpha.-APM.HCl is produced without isolating an intermediate by solid-liquid separation during the course of the reaction process.

Abstract: In neutralizing an acid addition salt of .alpha.-APM in an aqueous medium, the .alpha.-APM concentration in the neutralized liquid is controlled to fall within the range of from 3 to 10 wt. % at the finish of neutralization. Then, the liquid is heated to 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. and neutralization is effected with stirring to the isoelectric point of .alpha.-APM; or after the neutralization, the neutralized liquid is heated. The neutralized liquid is thereafter cooled with or without stirring so that crystals of .alpha.-APM are precipitated.

Abstract: An acid addition salt of .alpha.-APM is dissolved or suspended in an aqueous medium at 50.degree. C. or lower at a pH of 3 or less and a concentration of the salt of 3 wt.% or more (solution A). A liquid having a pH of 3 or more and containing or not containing .alpha.-APM is prepared (solution B) and gradually mixed with solution A with stirring. The temperature of the liquid mixture is kept to be 40.degree. C. or lower and the pH value of the mixture is kept at 3 or more, optionally adding a base thereto, whereby crystals of .alpha.-APM are precipitated out.

Abstract: A method of crystallizing phenylalanine in the form of .alpha.-crystals at a temperature below .alpha..fwdarw..beta. transition temperature comprises:forming an aqueous solution of phenylalanine at a temperature above the .alpha..fwdarw..beta. transition temperature, the aqueous solution of phenylalanine including:(1) a specified amount of Nacl, or(2) NH.sub.4 Cl and a small amount of a surfactant; and cooling the solution below the .alpha..fwdarw..beta. transition temperature.

Abstract: Improved methods for synthesizing glutamine-containing peptides, involving an active ester method between a protected, C-terminal activated amino acid or a protected, C-terminal activated peptide, and unprotected glutamine in the presence of a weak base, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel azetidinone derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## where n is 0 or 2,X is hydrogen, halogen, amino, alkylamino, benzylamino or acylamino, andY is ##STR2## R is lower alkyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, or aralkyl; and M is hydrogen or alkali metal having .beta.-lactamase inhibiting activity.The derivatives of the present invention can be administered together with antibiotics having a .beta.-lactam ring as antibacterial agents against .beta.-lactamase producing bacteria.A method for synthesizing said azetidinone derivatives is also disclosed.